Applying the water quality indices, geographical information system, and advanced decision-making techniques to assess the suitability of surface water for drinking purposes in Brahmani River Basin (BRB), Odisha.

IF 5.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Abhijeet Das
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Surface water is used for a variety of purposes, including agriculture, drinking water, and other services. Therefore, its quality is crucial for irrigation, human welfare, and health. Thus, the main objective is to improve surface water quality assessment and geochemical analysis to evaluate anthropogenic activities' impact on surface water quality in the Brahmani Watershed, Odisha. In the present paper, emerging techniques such as CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), Weighted Aggregated Sum-Product Assessment (WASPAS), SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanation), and Geographical Information System (GIS) were used to locate the origins of pollution in the surface water. The 5-year (2018-2023) database was created by analysing samples that varied geographically over seven sampling locations. The dataset was categorized according to its intended usage. The study employed Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) tool, to forecast quantities and their geographical arrangement. The water temperature detected at several locations along the river revealed minor variations. The pH variations indicate that the surface water in the studied area is alkaline. Notably, the water's lowest temperature ever recorded was 25.72 °C, at Q-(1). In addition, sufficient DO concentrations are monitored to ensure optimal water quality. The major parts of the study area were found to be majorly affected with high concentrations of PO43-, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42-. To determine the degree of contamination, a basic standard reference is necessary to interpret the values, which range from the anthropogenic to the natural contribution. The statistical results reveal the dominant decreasing order amongst the cations, such as: Ca2+  > Mg2+  > Na+  > K+ and in anions, namely, SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- > PO43-, respectively. It displays seasonal variations in dissolved and specific phase metal fractions that are not statistically significant at any of the seven sites. Proceeding further, the water quality index showed that the four samples fall in the poor water quality class, whereas the rest, 3 samples, were of good water quality. The surface water is contaminated and negatively affected due to percolation of ions from landfill leachate as per the data of C-WQI. Based on ARAS and WASPAS, Q-(1) and Q-(2) were mainly not fit for consumption. Meanwhile, the SHAP-WQI showed an increase in the number of samples (71.43%) with unsuitable quality for drinking. This emphasizes on the importance of weathering, dissolution, terrigenous, leaching, ion exchange, lithological and evaporation as the primary processes. Human influences were the secondary factors. Overall, the findings indicate that the study area's surface water is safe to drink, with the exception of a few locations including, Q-(1), (2), (3), (4), and (7), in the river water. Integrating GIS using WQ methods gives a new knowledge on the spatial variation in surface water characteristics for designated use. When enforcing regulations and carrying out pollution control operations, this will help determine the precise sampling sites or the sections of the river that show significant degradation. Thus, the integrated model provides insightful data on surface watershed management for urban planners and decision-makers. In overall, these findings underscore the importance of coordinated efforts across administrative boundaries within the basin to reduce water governance costs, providing valuable insights for fostering the coordinated development of regional economies and environmental sustainability. As a result, future studies should be conducted in the area to precisely state the quality of water used for drinking and domestic purposes.

应用水质指标、地理信息系统和先进决策技术评价奥里萨邦布拉马尼河流域地表水饮用适宜性
地表水有多种用途,包括农业、饮用水和其他服务。因此,水的质量对灌溉、人类福利和健康至关重要。因此,主要目的是改进地表水质量评价和地球化学分析,以评估人类活动对奥里萨邦Brahmani流域地表水质量的影响。在本文中,新兴技术如critical(通过标准间相关性的标准重要性)、加性比率评估(ARAS)、加权汇总和积评估(WASPAS)、SHAP (Shapley加性解释)和地理信息系统(GIS)被用于定位地表水污染的来源。这个为期5年(2018-2023)的数据库是通过分析七个采样地点的不同地理位置的样本而创建的。数据集根据其预期用途进行分类。本研究采用逆距离加权(IDW)工具对数量及其地理分布进行预测。在沿河几个地点检测到的水温显示出微小的变化。pH值变化表明研究区地表水呈碱性。值得注意的是,水的最低温度是25.72°C,在Q-(1)。此外,监测足够的DO浓度以确保最佳水质。研究区主要区域受到高浓度PO43-、EC、Ca2+、Mg2+和SO42-的严重影响。为了确定污染程度,必须有一个基本的标准参考来解释这些值,这些值的范围从人为贡献到自然贡献。统计结果表明,阳离子的递减顺序为Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+,阴离子的递减顺序为SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- > PO43-。它显示了溶解和特定相金属分数的季节性变化,在七个地点中的任何一个都没有统计学意义。进一步分析,水质指标显示4个样本属于差水质类,其余3个样本属于好水质类。C-WQI数据显示,地表水受到垃圾渗滤液离子渗透的污染和负面影响。基于ARAS和WASPAS, Q-(1)和Q-(2)主要不适合消费。同时,shape - wqi中不适宜饮用的样品数量有所增加(71.43%)。这强调了风化、溶解、陆源、淋滤、离子交换、岩性和蒸发作为主要过程的重要性。人为影响是次要因素。总体而言,研究区域的地表水是安全的,除了少数地点,包括Q-(1),(2),(3),(4)和(7),在河水中。利用WQ方法整合GIS,为指定用途提供了地表水特征空间变化的新知识。在执行法规和实施污染控制行动时,这将有助于确定精确的采样地点或河流中出现严重退化的部分。因此,该综合模型为城市规划者和决策者提供了深入的地表流域管理数据。总的来说,这些发现强调了在流域内跨行政边界协调努力以降低水治理成本的重要性,为促进区域经济和环境可持续性的协调发展提供了有价值的见解。因此,今后应在该地区进行研究,以准确地说明饮用水和家庭用水的质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
17.20%
发文量
6549
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) serves the international community in all areas of Environmental Science and related subjects with emphasis on chemical compounds. This includes: - Terrestrial Biology and Ecology - Aquatic Biology and Ecology - Atmospheric Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology/Biobased Energy Sources - Phytoremediation and Ecosystem Restoration - Environmental Analyses and Monitoring - Assessment of Risks and Interactions of Pollutants in the Environment - Conservation Biology and Sustainable Agriculture - Impact of Chemicals/Pollutants on Human and Animal Health It reports from a broad interdisciplinary outlook.
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