2D In-Plane Mesoporous N-Doped Carbon for Co-Planar Integrated Microsystem of Micro-Supercapacitor and Pressure Sensor.

Abstract

The rapid evolution of next-generation portable, wearable and implantable electronics has increased the demand for multi-functional materials and flexible miniaturized integrated microsystems of micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) and sensors. To address this urgent need, a dual-template interfacial assembly strategy is proposed to fabricate 2D in-plane mesoporous N-doped carbon (imNC) as dual-functional materials in both MSCs and pressure sensors, achieving a co-planar integrated microsystem. The as-prepared imNC nanosheets feature adjustable in-plane mesopore size (7.3 - 23.2 nm), specific surface area (222 - 413 m² g^-1) and nitrogen content (3.8% - 5.9%). The relationship between mesopore size/nitrogen composition and electrochemical performance of the imNC are established. Subsequently, the imNC-based MSCs employing ionogel electrolyte delivere a wide operating voltage of 3.8 V, high areal energy density of 41.9 µWh cm^-2 and excellent flexibility with negligible capacitance loss over 2000 bending cycles, along with tunable voltage and current output through multi-device integration. More importantly, one imNC-based MSC can readily power an imNC-based pressure sensor on the same flexible substrate for monitoring various pressures and vibrations, verifying the dual-functionality and high performance of imNC in the integrated microsystem. This work provides a broad platform for creating multi-functional 2D mesoporous materials towards flexible and miniaturized integrated microsystem.