Pesticide Exposure in Agricultural Workplaces and Resultant Health Effects in Women

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2460

Shashi Nandar Kumar, Nawaid Hussain Khan, Yousra Reda, Haroon Habib Beigh, Banajit Bastia, Kumar Vaibhav, Arun Kumar Jain, Sheikh Raisuddin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Numerous occupational studies have highlighted the risk of cancer associated with agricultural practices and exposure to agrochemicals in males and females in the workplace. Women working in tea plantations/gardens often face educational, health, and socioeconomic challenges. They may be particularly vulnerable to the pesticide exposure owing to a lack of health awareness and education, other limitations and environmental and occupational factors.

Aims

The objective of the review was to highlight the problem of pesticide exposure in women working in tea plantations/gardens through a comprehensive appraisal of published literature.

Materials and Methods

Literature searches were performed using a range of keywords such as pesticide exposure to women, adverse birth outcomes, tea plantations/gardens, placental outcomes, cancer, and so forth using online search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and so on.

Results

This review reports that women are frequently exposed to pesticides during tea leaf plucking activities in tea plantations/gardens, which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and may result in altered function of the placenta, fetal growth restrictions, low birth weight (LBW) of babies, and sex-specific differences in the fetal development. These adverse effects may pose a potential risk of poor health, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and congenital birth defects leading to neurobehavioral disorders in childhood, and even cancer later in life.

Discussion

The adverse effects of pesticide exposure on pregnancy and the fetus in tea plantation workers were explained through the available epidemiological data and animal studies. The mechanism of toxicity due to pesticide exposure during pregnancy may involve the disruption of signaling pathway, leading to placental toxicity, and restricted fetal development.

Conclusion

Considering limited epidemiological, biomonitoring, and pathological data on pesticide exposure in women working in tea plantations/gardens, there is an urgent need for well-designed cohort studies to delineate its consequences on reproductive health, pregnancy outcomes, and adverse effects in offspring.

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来源期刊

Birth Defects Research Medicine-Embryology

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

9.50%

发文量

153

期刊介绍： The journal Birth Defects Research publishes original research and reviews in areas related to the etiology of adverse developmental and reproductive outcome. In particular the journal is devoted to the publication of original scientific research that contributes to the understanding of the biology of embryonic development and the prenatal causative factors and mechanisms leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely structural and functional birth defects, pregnancy loss, postnatal functional defects in the human population, and to the identification of prenatal factors and biological mechanisms that reduce these risks. Adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes may have genetic, environmental, nutritional or epigenetic causes. Accordingly, the journal Birth Defects Research takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in its organization and publication strategy. The journal Birth Defects Research contains separate sections for clinical and molecular teratology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and reviews in developmental biology to acknowledge and accommodate the integrative nature of research in this field. Each section has a dedicated editor who is a leader in his/her field and who has full editorial authority in his/her area.