Whistler Wave Propagation in a Dipole Magnetic Field: Two-Dimensional gcPIC Simulations

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Yangguang Ke, Quanming Lu, Xinliang Gao, Jiuqi Ma, Junyi Ren, Xuan Zhou
{"title":"Whistler Wave Propagation in a Dipole Magnetic Field: Two-Dimensional gcPIC Simulations","authors":"Yangguang Ke,&nbsp;Quanming Lu,&nbsp;Xinliang Gao,&nbsp;Jiuqi Ma,&nbsp;Junyi Ren,&nbsp;Xuan Zhou","doi":"10.1029/2025JA033759","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetospheric whistler waves are of fundamental importance in the formation of radiation belts and the generation of diffuse aurorae. Their propagation has been widely studied using satellite observations and numerical simulations because of their direct impact on the interactions with electrons. Although ray-tracing models have elucidated the propagation paths, wave normal angles (WNAs), and linear growth/damping of whistler waves, their nonlinear evolution, requiring kinetic simulation models, still remains unclear. In this study, we utilize gcPIC simulations to study whistler wave propagation in a dipole magnetic field, and compare the results with ray-tracing simulations. Ray-tracing simulations show that a parallel whistler wave gradually becomes oblique and experiences increasing linear damping during its propagation from the magnetic equator to high latitudes. Particle-in-cell simulations display nearly identical propagation paths and WNAs, but the amplitude evolution shows substantial differences. At lower latitudes, whistler waves will experience extra substantial damping compared with ray-tracing results, which is due to nonlinear Landau and cyclotron resonances. This difference becomes more pronounced when the wave amplitude is larger. Surprisingly, at higher latitudes, whistler waves will experience less damping, attributable to the electron plateau/beam distributions resulting from Landau trapping. Our study demonstrates the crucial role of nonlinear resonances and reshaped electron distributions in modeling the evolution of whistler waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025JA033759","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Magnetospheric whistler waves are of fundamental importance in the formation of radiation belts and the generation of diffuse aurorae. Their propagation has been widely studied using satellite observations and numerical simulations because of their direct impact on the interactions with electrons. Although ray-tracing models have elucidated the propagation paths, wave normal angles (WNAs), and linear growth/damping of whistler waves, their nonlinear evolution, requiring kinetic simulation models, still remains unclear. In this study, we utilize gcPIC simulations to study whistler wave propagation in a dipole magnetic field, and compare the results with ray-tracing simulations. Ray-tracing simulations show that a parallel whistler wave gradually becomes oblique and experiences increasing linear damping during its propagation from the magnetic equator to high latitudes. Particle-in-cell simulations display nearly identical propagation paths and WNAs, but the amplitude evolution shows substantial differences. At lower latitudes, whistler waves will experience extra substantial damping compared with ray-tracing results, which is due to nonlinear Landau and cyclotron resonances. This difference becomes more pronounced when the wave amplitude is larger. Surprisingly, at higher latitudes, whistler waves will experience less damping, attributable to the electron plateau/beam distributions resulting from Landau trapping. Our study demonstrates the crucial role of nonlinear resonances and reshaped electron distributions in modeling the evolution of whistler waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.

求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
35.70%
发文量
570
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信