Whistler Wave Propagation in a Dipole Magnetic Field: Two-Dimensional gcPIC Simulations

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Yangguang Ke, Quanming Lu, Xinliang Gao, Jiuqi Ma, Junyi Ren, Xuan Zhou
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Abstract

Magnetospheric whistler waves are of fundamental importance in the formation of radiation belts and the generation of diffuse aurorae. Their propagation has been widely studied using satellite observations and numerical simulations because of their direct impact on the interactions with electrons. Although ray-tracing models have elucidated the propagation paths, wave normal angles (WNAs), and linear growth/damping of whistler waves, their nonlinear evolution, requiring kinetic simulation models, still remains unclear. In this study, we utilize gcPIC simulations to study whistler wave propagation in a dipole magnetic field, and compare the results with ray-tracing simulations. Ray-tracing simulations show that a parallel whistler wave gradually becomes oblique and experiences increasing linear damping during its propagation from the magnetic equator to high latitudes. Particle-in-cell simulations display nearly identical propagation paths and WNAs, but the amplitude evolution shows substantial differences. At lower latitudes, whistler waves will experience extra substantial damping compared with ray-tracing results, which is due to nonlinear Landau and cyclotron resonances. This difference becomes more pronounced when the wave amplitude is larger. Surprisingly, at higher latitudes, whistler waves will experience less damping, attributable to the electron plateau/beam distributions resulting from Landau trapping. Our study demonstrates the crucial role of nonlinear resonances and reshaped electron distributions in modeling the evolution of whistler waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.

惠斯勒波在偶极磁场中的传播:二维gcPIC模拟
磁层哨声波在辐射带的形成和漫射极光的产生中起着重要的作用。由于它们直接影响与电子的相互作用,它们的传播已经被广泛地利用卫星观测和数值模拟进行研究。虽然射线追踪模型已经阐明了哨声波的传播路径、波法向角(WNAs)和线性增长/阻尼,但它们的非线性演化(需要动力学模拟模型)仍然不清楚。在本研究中,我们利用gcPIC模拟研究了哨声波在偶极磁场中的传播,并将结果与射线追踪模拟进行了比较。射线追踪模拟表明,平行哨声波在从磁赤道向高纬度传播的过程中逐渐倾斜,线性阻尼增大。细胞内粒子模拟显示了几乎相同的传播路径和wna,但振幅演化显示出实质性的差异。在低纬度地区,与射线追踪结果相比,哨声波将经历额外的实质性阻尼,这是由于非线性朗道和回旋共振。当波幅较大时,这种差异变得更加明显。令人惊讶的是,在高纬度地区,哨声波将经历较少的阻尼,这是由于朗道俘获引起的电子平台/光束分布。我们的研究证明了非线性共振和重塑电子分布在模拟地球磁层中哨声波演化中的关键作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
35.70%
发文量
570
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