{"title":"Dose comparison of slowing-down protons and secondary electrons by gold nanoparticle in proton therapy: simulation study","authors":"Farshid Tabbakh","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06197-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A large number of researches on using gold nanoparticle in proton therapy have focused only on the effect of the secondary electrons in enhancing the radio-sensitization. Although experimental studies have addressed the significant impact of gold nanoparticles, simulations have shown that the electrons ejected from nanoparticles cause only a small enhancement within nanometer range from the nanoparticle, according to several publications. The disagreement has been explained in the present study by introducing the proton slowing-down mechanism as another contributor in dose enhancement in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The protons traversing the nanoparticles are slowed-down, leading to slight increase in their LET and, consequently, the extra dose induction in medium. This mechanism acts in a longer distance from gold nanoparticle within micrometer range. The contributions of both mechanisms to radio-sensitization enhancement have been compared, and the total elevated dose has been quantified. Additionally, the LET increase with respect to different nanoparticle sizes has been investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The European Physical Journal Plus","FirstCategoryId":"4","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06197-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A large number of researches on using gold nanoparticle in proton therapy have focused only on the effect of the secondary electrons in enhancing the radio-sensitization. Although experimental studies have addressed the significant impact of gold nanoparticles, simulations have shown that the electrons ejected from nanoparticles cause only a small enhancement within nanometer range from the nanoparticle, according to several publications. The disagreement has been explained in the present study by introducing the proton slowing-down mechanism as another contributor in dose enhancement in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The protons traversing the nanoparticles are slowed-down, leading to slight increase in their LET and, consequently, the extra dose induction in medium. This mechanism acts in a longer distance from gold nanoparticle within micrometer range. The contributions of both mechanisms to radio-sensitization enhancement have been compared, and the total elevated dose has been quantified. Additionally, the LET increase with respect to different nanoparticle sizes has been investigated.
期刊介绍：
The aims of this peer-reviewed online journal are to distribute and archive all relevant material required to document, assess, validate and reconstruct in detail the body of knowledge in the physical and related sciences.
The scope of EPJ Plus encompasses a broad landscape of fields and disciplines in the physical and related sciences - such as covered by the topical EPJ journals and with the explicit addition of geophysics, astrophysics, general relativity and cosmology, mathematical and quantum physics, classical and fluid mechanics, accelerator and medical physics, as well as physics techniques applied to any other topics, including energy, environment and cultural heritage.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
