Unleashing oxymatrine from Streptomyces rochei (GA) as a potent nematicidal agent against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture faces significant challenges from root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) particularly, the invasive species Meloidogyne enterolobii, which severely impacts guava. This study explores a sustainable biocontrol solution using Streptomyces rochei (GA) and its bioactive metabolites. Using GC-MS analysis, oxymatrine was identified from S. rochei GA and demonstrated the highest binding affinity (−6.7 kcal/mol) to the nematode target protein, Me col-1 through in-silico analysis. The stability of this interaction was further validated through molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed the robust and consistent binding of oxymatrine to the target protein. Furthermore, the results of in vitro assays further validated that oxymatrine @ 200 ppm had nematicidal properties and showed 100 % effectiveness in reducing nematode mortality and egg viability. Also, by incorporating in-silico and in-vitro bio efficacy assays, the key findings underscored the role of oxymatrine from S. rochei (GA) as a potent and sustainable tool for managing M. enterolobii infestations by promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices and long-term soil health.