Product lifecycle analysis and assessment of lithium-ion battery for prioritizing the factors of effective 5R: Case study

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are recognized for their extended lifespan and impressive energy and power densities, making them a popular choice for electric vehicles. However, carefully managing these batteries is crucial, with a considerable amount of LIBs expected to spread at the end of their life and enter the waste stream soon. Extended battery life, resource conservation, and environmental protection may all be achieved by efficiently using retired LIBs, which still have between 70 and 80 % of their original capacity. This paper first examines the life cycle of a LIBs using End of Life (EOL) and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction techniques. In accordance with the predicted RUL and EOL prediction, we suggest an efficient 5R strategy for lithium-ion battery recovery, reuse, repair, remanufacture, and recycling. Lastly, a thorough survey is conducted to predict the most effective recycling strategy, ensuring that waste and pollutants are successfully reduced during the recycling process. A case study at Electrifix, Kerala is studied in this work to illustrate that applying the 5R strategy significantly decreased the number of spent LIBs directed to recycling, demonstrating that a substantial portion can be repurposed through recovery, repair, reuse, and remanufacture.