Multilayer chitosan/silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate flame retardants for enhanced fire resistance of thermoplastic polyurethane

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141120

Jiahao Duan , Yanan Hou , Xiaodong Qian , Congling Shi , Mei Wan , Hongqing Zhu , Houwang Wang

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Abstract

This study, grounded in sustainable development strategies, developed a shell-core flame retardant by coating ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with multiple layers of polyelectrolytes composed of chitosan (CS) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) through electrostatic interactions. The entire preparation process did not involve any organic solvents. The resulting APP@CS@SiO₂-nBL (where “BL” denotes a bilayer structure of CS and SiO₂, and “n” indicates the number of bilayers, ranging from 1 to 4) significantly enhanced the flame-resistant property of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The TPU composite encompassing 20 wt% APP@CS@SiO₂-4BL exhibited excellent thermal stability, where the maximum thermal decomposition rate declined by 21 % and the char residue elevated to 33.37 wt%. Additionally, this composite demonstrated superior performance in heat suppression and smoke reduction: the peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, and total smoke release decreased 65 %, 86 %, 84 %, and 91 %, respectively, versus pure TPU. These enhanced properties relied on the multiple synergistic effects among APP, CS, and SiO₂.

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多层壳聚糖/二氧化硅包覆聚磷酸铵阻燃剂增强热塑性聚氨酯的耐火性能

本研究基于可持续发展战略，将壳聚糖（CS）和二氧化硅（SiO2）组成的多层聚电解质通过静电相互作用包覆在聚磷酸铵（APP）上，开发了一种壳芯阻燃剂。整个制备过程不涉及任何有机溶剂。所得APP@CS@SiO2-nBL （BL表示CS和SiO2的双层结构，n表示双层数量，范围从1到4）显著提高了热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）的阻燃性能。含有20 wt% APP@CS@SiO2-4BL的TPU复合材料表现出优异的热稳定性，其中最大热分解率下降了21 %，炭渣提高到33.37 wt%。此外，该复合材料在抑制热量和减少烟雾方面表现出优异的性能：峰值放热率、总放热率、峰值产烟率和总烟雾释放率分别比纯TPU降低65 %、86 %、84 %和91 %。这些增强的性能依赖于APP、CS和SiO2之间的多重协同效应。

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来源期刊

Construction and Building Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

21.60%

发文量

3632

审稿时长

82 days

期刊介绍： Construction and Building Materials offers an international platform for sharing innovative and original research and development in the realm of construction and building materials, along with their practical applications in new projects and repair practices. The journal publishes a diverse array of pioneering research and application papers, detailing laboratory investigations and, to a limited extent, numerical analyses or reports on full-scale projects. Multi-part papers are discouraged. Additionally, Construction and Building Materials features comprehensive case studies and insightful review articles that contribute to new insights in the field. Our focus is on papers related to construction materials, excluding those on structural engineering, geotechnics, and unbound highway layers. Covered materials and technologies encompass cement, concrete reinforcement, bricks and mortars, additives, corrosion technology, ceramics, timber, steel, polymers, glass fibers, recycled materials, bamboo, rammed earth, non-conventional building materials, bituminous materials, and applications in railway materials.