Effects of opium on hippocampal-dependent memory, antioxidant enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes of rat hippocampus

IF 2.3 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.101993

Ebrahim Abbasi , Fatemeh Mirzaei , Sodabeh Mashayekhi , Iraj Khodadadi , Alireza Komaki , Nafiseh Faraji , Seyed Alireza Vafaii

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Opium addiction can affect various organs such as the liver, intestine, kidney, and brain. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions affected early on in Alzheimer's disease and has a vital role in neurogenesis, cognitive function, and memory. This region also is sensitive to oxidative stress and pathophysiological alterations. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of opium on memory and learning, and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of male addicted rats. Since, the hormonal alterations in female arts can affect immune response, metabolism, and behavior, we have selected male rats.

Methods

Male rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and opium addicts. Animals received opium (40 mg/kg) for one month. Then, naloxone (2 mg⁄kg), a morphine antagonist, was injected intraperitoneally to confirm addiction. The activities and gene expressions of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GPr), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by ELISA and Real-time PCR, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative state (TOS), glutathione, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, as well as hippocampus histopathology were assessed. Memory and learning were determined by water maze shuttle box tests.

Results

The TAC and glutathione levels were decreased, while MDA and TOS increased (P < 0.05) in addicted animals. The gene expressions and activities of GPX, GPr, and SOD decreased in opium-treated animals when compared to control (P < 0.05). Histological analysis showed structural changes in the hippocampal in the opium group. Opium also impaired memory and learning in animals (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Opium consumption has a detrimental effect on hippocampus function and structure.

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鸦片对大鼠海马依赖记忆、抗氧化酶水平、氧化应激标志物及组织病理学改变的影响

多巴胺成瘾会影响肝脏、肠道、肾脏和大脑等多种器官。海马体是阿尔茨海默病早期受影响的大脑区域之一，在神经发生、认知功能和记忆中起着至关重要的作用。该区域对氧化应激和病理生理改变也很敏感。因此，本研究评估了鸦片对雄性成瘾大鼠记忆、学习和海马氧化应激的影响。由于雌性小鼠体内的激素变化会影响免疫反应、新陈代谢和行为，我们选择了雄性小鼠。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组和鸦片成瘾组。动物服用鸦片（40 mg/kg）一个月。然后腹腔注射吗啡拮抗剂纳洛酮（2 mg / kg）确认成瘾。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和实时荧光定量PCR法（Real-time PCR）检测血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GPr）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及基因表达。评估总抗氧化能力（TAC）、总氧化状态（TOS）、谷胱甘肽和丙二醛（MDA）浓度以及海马组织病理学。采用水迷宫穿梭箱测试记忆和学习能力。结果TAC和谷胱甘肽水平降低，MDA和TOS水平升高(P <；0.05)。与对照组相比，鸦片处理动物GPX、GPr和SOD的基因表达和活性下降(P <；0.05)。组织学分析显示鸦片组海马结构改变。鸦片也会损害动物的记忆和学习能力(P <；0.05)。结论鸦片对大鼠海马的功能和结构有不良影响。

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来源期刊

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biophysics

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

191

审稿时长

59 days

期刊介绍： Open access, online only, peer-reviewed international journal in the Life Sciences, established in 2014 Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports (BB Reports) publishes original research in all aspects of Biochemistry, Biophysics and related areas like Molecular and Cell Biology. BB Reports welcomes solid though more preliminary, descriptive and small scale results if they have the potential to stimulate and/or contribute to future research, leading to new insights or hypothesis. Primary criteria for acceptance is that the work is original, scientifically and technically sound and provides valuable knowledge to life sciences research. We strongly believe all results deserve to be published and documented for the advancement of science. BB Reports specifically appreciates receiving reports on: Negative results, Replication studies, Reanalysis of previous datasets.