Sulforaphanin ameliorates the damage of the Cyprinus carpio liver induced by Aeromonas hydrophila via activating AMPK pathway

Abstract

This study aims to explore how the sulforaphane (SFN) exerts a mitigating effect on the liver injury of Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). A total of 450 C. carpio. (40.2 ± 2.8 g) were randomly assigned to five groups, each consisting of three replicates. The control group was not infected with A. hydrophila and was fed with the ordinary commercial feed. The other different groups were attacked by A. hydrophila and fed four sulforaphane-graded diets (0, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The findings indicated that supplementation SFN (15 and 20 mg/kg) could recover or even significantly reduce the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ,interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 and increased the level of IL-10 in the liver by repressing the NF-κB signaling pathway compared to the only A. hydrophila-infection group (P < .05). Also, SFN supplementation increased the immunoglobulin M (IgM) level, complement 3 (C3) and C4 concentrations in comparison with the only A. hydrophila-infection group in the liver of C. carpio to enhance the immune function (P < .05). After that, transcriptome through KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with immunological diseases, as well as fat digestion and absorption pathways. Notably, these pathways include antigen processing and presentation, as well as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. In conclusion, it was determined that C. carpio fed with suitable amount (15 mg/kg) of SFN improved lipid deposition caused by A. hydrophila via regulating the lipid metabolism pathway.