Kayna Lee Mendoza, Haoyang Ni, Georgios Varnavides, Miaofang Chi, Colin Ophus, Amanda K Petford-Long, Charudatta Phatak
{"title":"Quantitative Phase Retrieval and Characterization of Magnetic Nanostructures via Lorentz (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy.","authors":"Kayna Lee Mendoza, Haoyang Ni, Georgios Varnavides, Miaofang Chi, Colin Ophus, Amanda K Petford-Long, Charudatta Phatak","doi":"10.1088/1361-648X/adc6e3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic materials phase reconstruction using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) measurements have traditionally been achieved using longstanding methods such as off-axis holography (OAH) fast-Fourier transform (FFT) technique and the transport-of-intensity equation (TIE). 
The increase in access to processing power alongside the development of advanced algorithms have allowed for phase retrieval of nanoscale magnetic materials with greater efficacy and resolution. 
Specifically, reverse-mode automatic differentiation (RMAD) and the extended electron ptychography iterative engine (ePIE) are two recent developments of phase retrieval that can be applied to analyzing micro-to-nano- scale magnetic materials. 
This work evaluates phase retrieval using TIE, RMAD, and ePIE in simulations of Permalloy (Ni\\(_{80}\\)Fe\\(_{20}\\)) nanoscale islands, or nanomagnets. 
Extending beyond simulations, we demonstrate total phase retrieval and image reconstructions of a NiFe nanowire using OAH and RMAD in LTEM and ePIE in Ltz-4D-STEM experiments and determine the saturation magnetization through corroborations with micromagnetic modeling.
Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of these methods in retrieving the total phase and highlight its use in characterizing and analyzing the proximity effect of the magnetic nanostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":16776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adc6e3","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Magnetic materials phase reconstruction using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) measurements have traditionally been achieved using longstanding methods such as off-axis holography (OAH) fast-Fourier transform (FFT) technique and the transport-of-intensity equation (TIE).
The increase in access to processing power alongside the development of advanced algorithms have allowed for phase retrieval of nanoscale magnetic materials with greater efficacy and resolution.
Specifically, reverse-mode automatic differentiation (RMAD) and the extended electron ptychography iterative engine (ePIE) are two recent developments of phase retrieval that can be applied to analyzing micro-to-nano- scale magnetic materials.
This work evaluates phase retrieval using TIE, RMAD, and ePIE in simulations of Permalloy (Ni\(_{80}\)Fe\(_{20}\)) nanoscale islands, or nanomagnets.
Extending beyond simulations, we demonstrate total phase retrieval and image reconstructions of a NiFe nanowire using OAH and RMAD in LTEM and ePIE in Ltz-4D-STEM experiments and determine the saturation magnetization through corroborations with micromagnetic modeling.
Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of these methods in retrieving the total phase and highlight its use in characterizing and analyzing the proximity effect of the magnetic nanostructures.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter covers the whole of condensed matter physics including soft condensed matter and nanostructures. Papers may report experimental, theoretical and simulation studies. Note that papers must contain fundamental condensed matter science: papers reporting methods of materials preparation or properties of materials without novel condensed matter content will not be accepted.