Predicting changes of incisor and facial profile following orthodontic treatment: a machine learning approach.

IF 2.4 2区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE
Jing Peng, Yan Zhang, Mengyu Zheng, Yanyan Wu, Guizhen Deng, Jun Lyu, Jianming Chen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Facial aesthetics is one of major motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment. However, even for experienced professionals, the impact and extent of incisor and soft tissue changes remain largely empirical. With the application of interdisciplinary approach, we aim to predict the changes of incisor and profile, while identifying significant predictors.

Methods: A three-layer back-propagation artificial neural network model (BP-ANN) was constructed to predict incisor and profile changes of 346 patients, they were randomly divided into training, validation and testing cohort in the ratio of 7:1.5:1.5. The input data comprised of 28 predictors (model measurements, cephalometric analysis and other relevant information). Changes of U1-SN, LI-MP, Z angle and facial convex angle were set as continuous outcomes, mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R²) were used as evaluation index. Change trends of Z angle and facial convex angle were set as categorical outcomes, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used as evaluation index. Furthermore, we utilized SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to identify significant predictors in each model.

Results: MSE/MAE/R2 values for U1-SN were 0.0042/0.055/0.84, U1-SN, MP-SN and ANB were identified as the top three influential predictors. MSE/MAE/R2 values for L1-MP were 0.0062/0.063/0.84, L1-MP, ANB and extraction pattern were identified as the top three influential predictors. MSE/MAE/R2 values for Z angle were 0.0027/0.043/0.80, Z angle, MP-SN and LL to E-plane were considered as the top three influential indicators. MSE/MAE/R2 values for facial convex angle were 0.0042/0.050/0.73, LL to E-plane, UL to E-plane and Z angle were considered as the top three influential indicators. Accuracy/precision/recall/F1 Score of the change trend of Z angle were 0.89/1.0/0.80/0.89, Z angle, Lip incompetence and LL to E-plane made the largest contributions. Accuracy/precision/recall/F1 Score of the change trend of facial convex angel were 0.93/0.87/0.93/0.86, key contributors were LL to E-plane, UL to E-plane and Z angle.

Conclusion: BP-ANN could be a promising method for objectively predicting incisor and profile changes prior to orthodontic treatment. Such model combined with key influential predictors could provide valuable reference for decision-making process and personalized aesthetic predictions.

预测正畸治疗后门牙和面部轮廓的变化:一种机器学习方法。
背景:面部美学是寻求正畸治疗的主要动机之一。然而,即使是经验丰富的专业人员,影响和程度的门牙和软组织的变化仍然主要是经验。应用跨学科的方法,我们的目标是预测门牙和轮廓的变化,同时确定重要的预测因子。方法:构建三层反向传播人工神经网络模型(BP-ANN)预测346例患者的切牙及侧位变化,将其按7:1.5:1.5的比例随机分为训练组、验证组和测试组。输入数据包括28个预测因子(模型测量、头侧测量分析和其他相关信息)。以U1-SN、LI-MP、Z角和面部凸角的变化为连续指标,以均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和决定系数(R²)为评价指标。以Z角和面部凸角的变化趋势为分类结果,以正确率、精密度、查全率和F1评分为评价指标。此外,我们利用SHapley加性解释(SHAP)方法来识别每个模型中的显著预测因子。结果:U1-SN的MSE/MAE/R2值分别为0.0042/0.055/0.84,U1-SN、MP-SN和ANB为影响因子。L1-MP的MSE/MAE/R2值为0.0062/0.063/0.84,L1-MP、ANB和提取方式为影响因子。Z角的MSE/MAE/R2值为0.0027/0.043/0.80,认为Z角、MP-SN和LL to E-plane是影响最大的三个指标。面部凸角的MSE/MAE/R2值为0.0042/0.050/0.73,认为LL到e面、UL到e面和Z角是影响最大的三个指标。Z角变化趋势的正确率/精密度/召回率/F1评分分别为0.89/1.0/0.80/0.89,其中Z角、Lip不称职和LL to e平面贡献最大。面部凸角变化趋势的正确率/精密度/召回率/F1评分分别为0.93/0.87/0.93/0.86,主要贡献因子为l到e面、UL到e面和Z角。结论:BP-ANN在正畸治疗前可以客观预测切牙及侧位的变化。该模型结合了关键的影响预测因子,可为决策过程和个性化审美预测提供有价值的参考。
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来源期刊
Head & Face Medicine
Head & Face Medicine DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
32
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Head & Face Medicine is a multidisciplinary open access journal that publishes basic and clinical research concerning all aspects of cranial, facial and oral conditions. The journal covers all aspects of cranial, facial and oral diseases and their management. It has been designed as a multidisciplinary journal for clinicians and researchers involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of diseases which affect the human head and face. The journal is wide-ranging, covering the development, aetiology, epidemiology and therapy of head and face diseases to the basic science that underlies these diseases. Management of head and face diseases includes all aspects of surgical and non-surgical treatments including psychopharmacological therapies.
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