Validity and reliability of Household Disinfectants-Cleaners Questionnaire (HDCQ) to investigate public awareness and performance in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.

Abstract

Background: Although household disinfectant cleaners are used at home frequently, less research has focused on standardized assessment tools to measure public awareness and precautions in practice, especially during health crises. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the important role of household disinfectants-cleaners in preventing infections. However, poor public awareness and unsafe practices can undermine their effectiveness. This study indirectly addresses this lack by developing and validating the Household Disinfectants-Cleaners Questionnaire (HDCQ), to make available an evidence-based comprehensive tool to support future assessments, public health research, and policy development.

Objective: To assess the validity and reliability of a questionnaire designed to measure public awareness and performance regarding the safe use of household disinfectants-cleaners in Abu Dhabi.

Methods: A cross-sectional Google survey, involving a sample of 750 Abu Dhabi residents, was analyzed using IBM-SPSS (Version 27.0) and RStudio (Version 1.1.456, Inc., 2009-2018). Validity tests included face, content, and construct evaluations by nine academic experts based on seven parameters. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha and inter-item correlation. Principal Factor Analysis (PFA), including the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett's test, was conducted for each section in SPSS. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in RStudio identified the underlying factors explaining item covariation.

Results: Cronbach's alpha values for the awareness and performance domains were 0.854 and 0.883, indicating high internal consistency. Expert ratings indicated high face validity, with importance levels ranging from 0.89 to 1.00. The average Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for the questionnaire was 0.95, indicating strong content relevance. The PFA results demonstrated adequate sampling adequacy, with a KMO measure values of 0.879 and 0.891 and Bartlett's test was statistically significant (χ2 = 2,368, P < 0.001) and (χ2 = 3,274, P < 0.001) for each section respectively, confirming factorability and suitability for factor analysis. Both EFA and CFA indicated a good model fit with RMSEA of 0.077 for Sect. 1 and 0.090 for Sect. 2, CFI of 0.990 for Sect. 1 and 0.975 for Sect. 2, and TLI of 0.986 for Sect. 1 and 0.967 for Sect. 2, confirming the robustness of the factor structure and the questionnaire's validity.

Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing public awareness and performance regarding the safe use of household disinfectants-cleaners for future pandemics. Recognizing inherent limitations, detailed in the conclusion section, is essential for effective application in public health contexts.