Synthesis of a New Copper Complex Supported on Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3O4@THAM@PCH and Its Performance in the Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-Cyano Pyridines and Pyrano[2,3-d] Pyrimidines

Abstract

This research introduces a simple method for sequential modification of ferrite nanoparticles. A novel, reusable, and green nanomagnetic heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized by immobilizing copper onto Fe₃O₄@THAM@PCH. Finally, it was used as a powerful and new catalyst in the synthesis of derivatives 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine and pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidine. In the fabrication of Fe₃O₄@THAM@PCH-CuⅡ magnetic nanoparticles, the incorporation of tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) demonstrated its efficacy as a cost-effective and easily accessible coating for Fe₃O₄ in comparison to materials previously documented in the literature. The catalyst underwent comprehensive characterization through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric (TGA), and map analysis. The present method, known as the green method, has advantages such as a simple operational approach, high product efficiency, mild reaction conditions, minimal chemical side products, and short reaction time. The synthesized nanocatalyst can be recycled up to 5 steps without a noticeable decrease in its activity.