The relationship between vaccination and uveitis: A comprehensive review of immune response, risk assessment, and clinical implications

Abstract

Uveitis, an intraocular inflammatory condition, can lead to significant visual impairment and is often associated with abnormal immune system activation. While vaccination stands as a pivotal defense against numerous infectious diseases, its safety and effectiveness in individuals with uveitis have come under heightened scrutiny. This concern arises from the potential impact of both the disease itself and immunosuppressive treatments on immune function. Several studies have drawn connections between various vaccines and the onset of uveitis, particularly hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, and influenza vaccines. Furthermore, though exceedingly rare, instances of intraocular inflammatory following COVID-19 vaccination have been documented, adding another layer of complexity. This review delves into the intricate relationship between vaccination and uveitis, assesses the vaccination risks for those afflicted, and explores the underlying mechanisms behind vaccine-induced uveitis. Finally, it offers recommendations for vaccination in uveitis patients and emphasizes the imperative for further investigation to unravel the complex dynamics between vaccines and uveitis, ultimately informing clinical practice.