Facile microwave hydrothermal synthesis of citric acid-derived carbon dots for photothermal therapy of cancers under NIR irradiation

IF 5.5 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Letters Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1007/s42823-024-00830-1

Yingying Jin, Huanhuan Qiao, Yichi Zhang, Yujia He, Shuangning Xie, Yiwen Gu, Fawei Lin

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Abstract

This paper is devoted to synthesizing a new type of CDs (carbon dots) with excellent NIR (near-infrared) emission in a biological water environment synthesized from small molecules. Citric acid was adopted as the precursor and treated by one-pot hydrothermal process in DMF solution with the assistance of a microwave. Urea (MH) and ammonium fluoride (MF) were adopted as nitrogen sources to synthesize two types of CDs, respectively. These conditions contributed to generate nanostructured carbon with a higher content of Pyrrolic-N, enrich the functional groups, and exfoliate the ordered layer-stacking structure, which finally contributed to the higher NIR absorption band at 808 nm. The physicochemical properties and photothermal conversion ability were fully evaluated by UV–Vis-NIR (ultraviolet–visible light-NIR) absorption and photothermal experiments. MF possessed stronger absorption property and temperature-rising effect in the NIR region than MH, but both exhibited desirable photothermal stability. Next, the in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that both MF and MH exhibited no significant toxicity for cells. NIR irradiation on CDs solution displayed an excellent killing effect on HeLa (breast cancer) and MCF7 (cervical cancer) cells but strongly depended on the concentration of CDs. MH had a weaker killing effect on MCF7 cells compared with MF in the same concentration. But HeLa cells suffered death from lower concentration of MH under NIR irradiation. Both MH and MF exhibited excellent therapy effects and no obvious tissue damage for these major organs of nude mice and BALB/C mice. Above all, both MF and MH with excellent photothermal effect under NIR irradiation had desirable NIR-triggered therapeutic effect on MCF7 and HeLa cells, while they also exhibited good biocompatibility without NIR irradiation.

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微波水热合成柠檬酸衍生碳点用于近红外照射下癌症光热治疗

本文致力于在生物水环境中以小分子为原料合成一种具有优异近红外发射性能的新型CDs（碳点）。以柠檬酸为前驱体，在DMF溶液中采用微波辅助一锅水热法处理。以尿素（MH）和氟化铵（MF）为氮源，分别合成了两种CDs。这些条件有利于生成pyrolic - n含量较高的纳米结构碳，丰富了官能团，使有序的层-层结构脱落，最终在808 nm处获得较高的近红外吸收带。通过紫外-可见-近红外（UV-Vis-NIR）吸收和光热实验，充分评价了其物理化学性质和光热转换能力。与MH相比，MF在近红外区具有更强的吸收性能和升温效应，但两者都具有良好的光热稳定性。其次，体外和体内实验表明，MF和MH对细胞均无明显毒性。近红外照射CDs溶液对乳腺癌细胞HeLa和宫颈癌细胞MCF7有良好的杀伤作用，但对CDs浓度的依赖性较强。在相同浓度下，MH对MCF7细胞的杀伤作用较MF弱。而低浓度的MH在近红外照射下导致HeLa细胞死亡。MH和MF对裸鼠和BALB/C小鼠的这些主要器官均有良好的治疗效果，且无明显的组织损伤。综上所述，具有良好光热效应的MF和MH在近红外照射下对MCF7和HeLa细胞具有良好的NIR触发治疗效果，同时在未近红外照射下也表现出良好的生物相容性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Carbon Letters CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

20.00%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： Carbon Letters aims to be a comprehensive journal with complete coverage of carbon materials and carbon-rich molecules. These materials range from, but are not limited to, diamond and graphite through chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon blacks, activated carbons, pyrolytic carbons, glass-like carbons, etc. Papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials from the above mentioned various carbons are within the scope of the journal. Papers on organic substances, including coals, will be considered only if the research has close relation to the resulting carbon materials. Carbon Letters also seeks to keep abreast of new developments in their specialist fields and to unite in finding alternative energy solutions to current issues such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer. The renewable energy basics, energy storage and conversion, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, hydrogen production technology, and other clean energy technologies are also within the scope of the journal. Carbon Letters invites original reports of fundamental research in all branches of the theory and practice of carbon science and technology.