Monitoring of Pollutants in Surface Water with Laboratory Analysis and Satellite Image Between 2019 and 2024, Kichik Chai River, Iran

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07808-3

Abolfazl Jamali, Mohammad Ebrahim Ramazani, Arezoo Nejaei, Omid Rafieyan

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Abstract

This research, conducted between 2019 and 2024, aims to analyze the changing process in the water quality parameters of the Kichik Chai River. It employs laboratory analysis methods, interprets satellite images using ENVI software, and simulates conditions using the QUAL2Kw model to determine compliance with water quality standards. Three methods, namely the water quality index, Piper, and Scholler, were employed to assess the water quality. The investigation into heavy metal concentrations in the Kichik Chai River revealed an increase in pH, total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS), along with a slight decrease in turbidity and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). In the 2024 satellite images, the highest and lowest errors were recorded at stations 4 and 2, respectively, while in the 2019 satellite images, the highest errors were at stations 2, 1, and 4. Furthermore, an analysis of actual pollutant sources in the Kichik Chai River watershed using taxonomy methods across six sampling stations and examining fifteen effective parameters indicated that the locations of the waste material dump, copper production complex, and mine acid water drainage had pollution potential scores of 0.862, 0.726, and 0.705, respectively.

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.