Synthesis of Thermally Stable Psyllium Husk/4,4´-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate-Based Polyurethanes for Effective and Selective Removal of Cationic Dyes

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07913-3

Kriti, Kiran Kumar, Sunita Ranote, Ghanshyam S. Chauhan, Sandeep Chauhan, Sapna Sharma

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Abstract

Dye-laden toxic wastewater generated from textile industries creates a huge problem of toxicity and disposal. Novel research involves biopolymer-based adsorption as the most commonly used remedial method. Herein, a novel psyllium-based polyurethane foam (Psy-PUF) adsorbent was synthesized through polyaddition reaction with 4,4´-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO 33-LV, as the catalyst), triethanolamine (as the co-catalyst), silicone oil (as a surfactant), and orange peel powder (as a filler) to eliminate dye pollutants. Psy-PUF was characterized using several techniques. The TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) showed the significant thermal stability of the synthesized Psy-PUF with the final decomposition temperature of 841 °C showing a tremendous increase compared to 601.9 °C for untreated psyllium. Psy-PUF was studied as an adsorbent in binary dye mixtures including cationic and anionic dyes, and the best-adsorbed dyes i.e., malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) were studied. Psy-PUF demonstrated rapid adsorption with 56.38% (MG) and 61.02% (CV) adsorbed only within 20 min, reaching 96.04% and 93.58% for MG and CV, respectively, within 60 min. The adsorption of MG and CV followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with respective R² values of 0.98747 and 0.98685. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of Psy-PUF aligned with the Langmuir isotherm, indicating q_m of 229.35 mg. g⁻¹ for MG and 223.71 mg. g⁻¹ for CV. Psy-PUF exhibited remarkable regeneration for up to ten cycles with cumulative adsorption capacities (q_max) of 801.4 mg. g⁻¹ and 760.3 mg. g⁻¹ for MG and CV. Thus Psy-PUF is an economically viable, eco-friendly, biodegradable, and recyclable adsorbent, for removing harmful cationic dyes.

Graphical abstract

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热稳定车前草壳/4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯基聚氨酯的合成及其对阳离子染料的选择性去除

纺织工业产生的含染料有毒废水造成了巨大的毒性和处理问题。新的研究涉及基于生物聚合物的吸附作为最常用的补救方法。在1,4-重氮杂环（2.2.2）辛烷（DABCO 33-LV）为催化剂、三乙醇胺为助催化剂、硅油为表面活性剂、橙皮粉为填料的条件下，以4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为原料，通过多加成反应合成了新型苯基聚氨酯泡沫（psyp - puf）吸附剂，以去除染料污染物。psyp - puf使用了几种技术进行表征。TGA（热重分析）表明，合成的psyp - puf具有显著的热稳定性，最终分解温度为841℃，比未处理的车前子的601.9℃显著提高。研究了psyp - puf在阳离子和阴离子混合染料中的吸附剂性能，并对孔雀石绿（MG）和结晶紫（CV）两种染料的吸附效果进行了研究。p - puf对MG和CV的吸附速度均较快，20 min内吸附量分别为56.38% （MG）和61.02% (CV)， 60 min内MG和CV的吸附量分别达到96.04%和93.58%。MG和CV的吸附符合准二级动力学，R2分别为0.98747和0.98685。此外，psyp - puf的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温线，qm为229.35 mg。g−1 MG和223.71 MG。g−1为CV。pys - puf可再生10次，累积吸附量（qmax）达801.4 mg。G−1和760.3 mg。MG和CV为g−1。因此，psyp - puf是一种经济可行，环保，可生物降解和可回收的吸附剂，用于去除有害的阳离子染料。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.