Head and neck fascial layers and the spaces they create in 3-dimensions: an anatomic model created using peer-reviewed literature, radiographic imaging, and an experienced medical illustrator

Abstract

Cervical fascias are critically important in compartmentalizing spaces of the head and neck with significant clinical and surgical implications. Knowledge and deep understanding of the cervical fascias serves to facilitate radiologic and clinical diagnostics, safe surgical practices, and advancements in surgical interventions. Precise anatomical knowledge, standardized terminology in clinical practice and a profound understanding of the 3-dimensional relationships created by cervical fascias is therefore important in the identification and management of head and neck pathologies. Standard 2-dimensional representations of the cervical fascia undermine the importance of these anatomical relationships which require a deep understanding of depth perception. We therefore develop a 3D virtual anatomic model of the cervical fascias of the head and neck and the spaces created. Using the segmented computerized tomography (CT) angiogram of a healthy 29-year-old female supplemented with detailed review of present literature, an anatomically accurate 3D model was developed by an experienced medical illustrator. Surgical and clinical importance of these structures are further detailed. The final 3D model was rendered and uploaded to a 3D model repository where it can be utilized for visualization of these complex relationships. This accurate 3D anatomical model serves as a tool in clinical and surgical education and practice.