Inmunidad innata y adaptativa

Abstract

Immune responses are divided into innate and adaptive. Innate immunity is rapid and non-specific, acting against a broad spectrum of pathogens using receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Adaptive immunity recognizes specific antigens through a diverse repertoire of antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes. This system requires time for antigen-specific cells to activate and proliferate. This response generates effector and memory T cell clones that enable a potent, effective, rapid, and specific response in future exposures to the same pathogen. The interaction between both systems is essential for the efficient defense of the organism. The antigen-presenting cells of the innate system inform the adaptive cells about the nature of the pathogens detected and polarize the adaptive response so that it is more effective against the type of pathogen being confronted. Innate immunity can generate a trained memory that enhances its response to subsequent exposures.