Diferenciación, activación y clasificación de los linfocitos B

Abstract

B lymphocytes are fundamental to adaptive immunity. They play a key role in antibody production and immune memory formation. Their development begins in primary lymphoid organs, where processes such as somatic recombination of genes to form the B cell receptor take place. In secondary lymphoid organs, B lymphocytes respond to the antigen in a thymus-dependent or thymus-independent manner. Abnormalities in B lymphocytes contribute to autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, and lymphomas. Innovative therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and cellular approaches, offer new options for treating hematologic cancers and autoimmune diseases.

This article aims to review and update in a simple manner the fundamentals of the differentiation, functions, and classes of B lymphocytes as well as to explore therapeutic advances in the treatment of diseases in which B lymphocytes are involved.