Combining automated and manual chambers to provide reliable estimates of N2O emissions in annual and perennial cropping systems

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Imran Ahammad Siddique , Diego Abalos , Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens , Klaus Steenberg Larsen , Uffe Jørgensen , Poul Erik Lærke
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Perennials can produce more biomass and partially replace annual crops. However, environmental benefits of perennials over annuals in terms of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have rarely been compared in a long-term field experiment. By combining automatic and manual chamber methods, we aimed to develop reliable N2O estimates from annual and perennial systems. We measured N2O emissions from: i. perennial grass during renovation including spring barley as catch crop (SB/RG); ii. perennial grass-clover mixture (GC); iii. triticale monoculture (Trit). Results showed that cumulative N2O emissions from SB/RG were higher than GC or Trit. The highest emission rate was measured for SB/RG (258.9 µg N2ON m-2 h-1) after fertilization in spring. Increased N2O emissions were also seen for a short period after direct grass seeding in August. For Trit, N2O emissions increased after fertilization in March and ploughing in late September. In GC (fertilized with P and K), there was no N2O peak after grass cutting. Both from manual and automatic chamber systems, “hot moments” of N2O emissions contributed ∼16–79 % of cumulative emissions. By predicting hot moments and scheduling frequent measurements, manual chambers captured most of the N2O dynamics. The results indicated that the hot moments of N2O emissions were better quantified by automatic chambers, while some of the hot moments, for instance, fertilization and ploughing in Trit were accurately captured with manual chambers. Soil nitrate and ammonium were positively associated with N2O emissions, whereas biomass N uptake was negatively associated. We conclude that perennial (GC) is a promising system for high biomass production with low environmental impact. Strategies such as growing spring barley as a catch crop, grass seeding with shallow tillage, and fertilization of newly seeded grass matching crop N demand are needed to reduce the higher risk for N losses.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
9.70%
发文量
415
审稿时长
69 days
期刊介绍: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology is an international journal for the publication of original articles and reviews on the inter-relationship between meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is on basic and applied scientific research relevant to practical problems in the field of plant and soil sciences, ecology and biogeochemistry as affected by weather as well as climate variability and change. Theoretical models should be tested against experimental data. Articles must appeal to an international audience. Special issues devoted to single topics are also published. Typical topics include canopy micrometeorology (e.g. canopy radiation transfer, turbulence near the ground, evapotranspiration, energy balance, fluxes of trace gases), micrometeorological instrumentation (e.g., sensors for trace gases, flux measurement instruments, radiation measurement techniques), aerobiology (e.g. the dispersion of pollen, spores, insects and pesticides), biometeorology (e.g. the effect of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield, water-use efficiency, and plant phenology), forest-fire/weather interactions, and feedbacks from vegetation to weather and the climate system.
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