Loss of protein phosphatase 4 inhibitory protein leads to genomic instability and heightens vulnerability to replication stress

Abstract

Protein phosphatase 4 inhibitory protein (PP4IP) has recently emerged as a key player in cellular processes, particularly in DNA double-strand break repair and telomere maintenance, although research on its functions remains limited. To further investigate the cellular pathways involving PP4IP, we conducted transcriptomic analysis via RNA sequencing in PP4IP-knockout cells and observed an upregulation of p21 expression. This upregulation was linked to an increased population of p21-positive G1-phase cells in the absence of PP4IP. Prior studies have suggested that unresolved under-replicated DNA in mother cells, transmitted to daughter cells, can trigger a quiescent G1 phase characterized by p21 expression and the formation of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) nuclear bodies. Consistent with this, we found a higher proportion of 53BP1 nuclear bodies-positive G1 cells in PP4IP-knockout cells compared to controls. Additionally, PP4IP-deficient cells displayed an increased occurrence of anaphase bridges—indicative of incomplete DNA replication—without a corresponding increase in lagging chromosomes. Furthermore, PP4IP-knockout cells exhibited a heightened susceptibility to replication stress, as evidenced by an elevated frequency of replication stress-induced chromatid breaks and increased sensitivity to such stress. Collectively, these results suggest that PP4IP plays a critical role in safeguarding cells from replication stress and ensuring genomic stability.