Comprehensive analysis of p-nitro phenol p-amino benzoic acid monohydrate crystals: Structural, mechanical, linear and nonlinear optical properties

Abstract

Organic single crystals, with their exceptional nonlinear optical properties and highly tuneable characteristics, are increasingly recognized as promising materials for photonic and optoelectronic applications. In this study, p-nitro phenol p-amino benzoic acid monohydrate (PNPAB) single crystals were successfully grown using the slow evaporation solution technique. Methanol was utilized as the solvent, and the crystal growth process was carefully controlled at a constant temperature to promote uniformity and defect free formation. Crystal's lattice structure was unveiled through single crystal X-ray diffraction, and crystalline integrity meticulously examined with high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Spectral analysis using Fourier transform infrared techniques was conducted to determine presence of functional groups. UV–Vis analysis of PNPAB crystal showed an absorption edge at 406 nm with a band gap of 3.05 eV, while photoluminescence displayed emission at 435 nm upon 378 nm excitation, indicating potential for optoelectronic applications. Third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties were explored using an ultrafast (40-fs) laser at 800 nm, employing both open and closed aperture Z-scan techniques. PNPAB is identified as a highly promising material for optical limiting applications due to its unique properties and effectiveness in managing excessive light levels.