Luisa Damaris Ramos , Alfonso Enrique Ramírez, Cristian David Miranda
{"title":"Acidic eco-catalysts derived from coffee husks in the acetylation of glycerol","authors":"Luisa Damaris Ramos , Alfonso Enrique Ramírez, Cristian David Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100075","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of coffee husks into solid acid catalysts (eco-catalysts) was studied. The synthesis of the materials consisted of the elaboration of carbonaceous supports by thermal means [graphitic carbon (Cp) and biochar (<em>Cc</em>)], followed by functionalization with sulfonic groups, by means of two techniques: i) in situ diazotization with sulfanilic acid (S<sub>D</sub>) or ii) direct sulfonation with sulfuric acid (S<sub>A</sub>). The density of acid sites (-SO<sub>3</sub>H) present in the materials was determined by elemental analysis and additionally characterizations such as TGA, XRD, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy were performed. The catalytic properties of eco-catalysts in the glycerol acetylation reaction were studied and compared with a commercial sulfonic resin, i.e. Amberlyst® 15. It was found that all of them were more active compared to Amberlyst ® 15. CpS<sub>A</sub> showed the highest conversion and selectivity towards triacetin, the product of interest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223125000147","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
The transformation of coffee husks into solid acid catalysts (eco-catalysts) was studied. The synthesis of the materials consisted of the elaboration of carbonaceous supports by thermal means [graphitic carbon (Cp) and biochar (Cc)], followed by functionalization with sulfonic groups, by means of two techniques: i) in situ diazotization with sulfanilic acid (SD) or ii) direct sulfonation with sulfuric acid (SA). The density of acid sites (-SO3H) present in the materials was determined by elemental analysis and additionally characterizations such as TGA, XRD, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy were performed. The catalytic properties of eco-catalysts in the glycerol acetylation reaction were studied and compared with a commercial sulfonic resin, i.e. Amberlyst® 15. It was found that all of them were more active compared to Amberlyst ® 15. CpSA showed the highest conversion and selectivity towards triacetin, the product of interest.
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