A rare case of cytomegalovirus myocarditis complicating rejection after heart transplantation: Case report and review of literature

Abstract

A 49-year-old female with terminal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. The patient developed early acute rejection. Intensifying therapy led to improvement, but cytomegalovirus (CMV) myocarditis emerged. Aggressive management, including high-dose ganciclovir and intravenous immunoglobulin, resulted in negativization of CMV and rejection markers. Cardiac function recovered, emphasizing the challenges and successful multidisciplinary approach in managing complex post-transplant complications.

Learning objectives

To diagnose and treat complications in heart transplantation, such as opportunistic infections and cellular and/or antibody-mediated rejection. To underline role of endomyocardial biopsy in heart transplant monitoring.