Super hybrid rice improved yield by increasing spikelet amount and efficiency under optimized density-nitrogen cultivation

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109859

Jialin Ge , Xu Chen , Xiaowei Song , Huanhe Wei , Qigen Dai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Context

The production pattern of super hybrid rice is high-input, high-yield, and low efficiency. Increasing the number of total spikelets can improve grain yield under combined density-nitrogen cultivation. However, spikelet production efficiency has received less attention, and the association between yield and spikelet production (including amount and efficiency) remains unclear.

Objective

This study evaluated the synergistic mechanism between yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency of super hybrid rice cultivars under combined density-nitrogen conditions.

Methods

Super hybrid rice cultivars were planted under combined density-nitrogen conditions to create various rice populations with different numbers of total spikelets. Path analysis was conducted on yield components. Spikelet characteristics and nutrients dynamics were described during panicle and spikelet development. Spikelet production efficiencies were calculated, and their relationships with the number of total spikelets and yield were evaluated.

Results

The number of total spikelets was the most influential factor in yielding components of super hybrid rice. Among cultivars, super hybrid rice CYQH achieved the highest yield, number of total spikelets, and SPE_N， and it showed the second-best performance for spikelet number per panicle, SPE_DM, and SPE_NSC. Among treatments, the highest yield, number of total spikelets, and SPE_N were realized under the combined density-nitrogen treatment HDHN. The increased number of total spikelets was adjusted by the number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, especially the enhanced secondary branches and spikelets. The dry mass, NSC and nitrogen content increased continuously during panicle and spikelet development, while the C_NSC/N_T decreased first and then increased. Positive correlations existed between yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency. Moreover, there were positive correlations between spikelet number per panicle, secondary branch number, secondary spikelet number and shoot nitrogen content.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that grain yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency could be synergistically improved in super hybrid rice cultivars. The number of total spikelets was the most influential factor in yield. The improved secondary branches and spikelets increased the spikelets per panicle. The dry mass, NSC, N accumulations and C_NSC/N_T provided nutritional support for panicle and spikelet development. The enhanced spikelet production efficiency suggested a highly coordinated sink-source relationship. The treatment HDHN produced more spikelets to form grain yield, improved nutrient accumulations, and increased the spikelet production efficiency during panicle and spikelet development.

Significance

Optimized density-nitrogen planting benefits the synergistic increase in yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency. This study provides meaningful insights into high-yielding, high-efficiency super hybrid rice production.

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超级杂交稻在优化密氮栽培条件下，通过增加颖花数量和提高效率来提高产量

超级杂交稻的生产模式是高投入、高产、低效率。密氮复合栽培条件下，增加总颖花数可以提高籽粒产量。然而，小穗生产效率受到的关注较少，产量与小穗生产（包括数量和效率）之间的关系尚不清楚。目的探讨密度-氮复合条件下超级杂交稻产量、总颖花数和颖花生产效率之间的协同增效机制。方法采用密度-氮联合栽培的方法，建立不同总颖花数的超级杂交稻群体。对产量成分进行通径分析。描述了穗部和小穗发育过程中的小穗特征和营养动态。计算了小穗生产效率，并评价了其与总小穗数和产量的关系。结果总颖花数是影响超级杂交稻产量的主要因素。超级杂交稻CYQH的产量、总颖花数和SPEN最高，穗粒数、SPEDM和SPENSC次之。其中，密度氮联合处理HDHN的产量、总颖花数和SPEN均达到最高。总颖花数的增加受穗数和每穗颖花数的调节，尤其是次生分枝和颖花数的增加。在穗部和小穗发育过程中，干质量、NSC和氮含量不断增加，而CNSC/NT先降低后升高。产量、总穗数与小穗生产效率之间存在正相关关系。每穗小穗数、次生枝数、次生小穗数与地上部氮含量呈显著正相关。结论超级杂交稻品种籽粒产量、总颖花数和颖花生产效率可以协同提高。总颖花数是影响产量的主要因素。改良的次枝和小穗数增加了每穗小穗数。干质量、NSC、N积累和CNSC/NT为穗部和小穗发育提供了营养支持。小穗生产效率的提高说明了一种高度协调的汇源关系。HDHN处理能产生更多的小穗以形成籽粒产量，改善养分积累，提高穗部和小穗发育过程中的小穗生产效率。优化密氮种植有利于产量、总粒数和小穗生产效率的协同提高。本研究为高产高效的超级杂交稻生产提供了有意义的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.