Simple and Scalable Solid-State Synthesis of ZnMn3O4-g-C3N4 Heterostructures for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Abstract

This study presents a novel solid-state one-pot synthesis method for fabricating a ZnMn₃O₄-g-C₃N₄ heterostructure composite, designed to enhance the efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The synergistic integration of ZnMn₃O₄ and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) enhances light absorption and charge separation, resulting in a significant improvement in photocatalytic performance. Compared to its individual ZnMn₃O₄ and g-C₃N₄ counterparts, the ZnMn₃O₄-g-C₃N₄ composite demonstrates markedly superior PEC water-splitting efficiency. Linear sweep voltammetry reveals a substantial increase in photocurrent density, reaching 0.18 mA/cm² versus Ag/AgCl under light exposure. Moreover, the ZnMn₃O₄-g-C₃N₄ heterostructure exhibits outstanding stability and enhanced photoconversion efficiency over extended operational periods. The facile and scalable synthesis method further highlights its practicality for large-scale production of high-performance composite materials. Beyond showcasing the potential of the ZnMn₃O₄-g-C₃N₄ heterostructure for PEC water splitting, this work opens new avenues for the design and development of advanced composite materials in renewable energy applications. The significant advancements presented in this study have the potential to contribute to the broader adoption of sustainable energy solutions.