Empowerment Is Key? How Perceived Political and Critical Digital Media Literacy Explain Direct and Indirect Bystander Intervention in Online Hate Speech

IF 5.5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI:10.1177/20563051251325598

Magdalena Obermaier, Ursula Kristin Schmid, Diana Rieger

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Hate speech is widespread in digital media, and such incidents can harm individuals and fuel hostile discourses. Therefore, understanding the factors that shape bystander intervention is crucial. Despite frequent calls for more research, there is a need for greater understanding of how perceived political and digital media literacy are related to the frequency of various forms of online bystander intervention, such as counter-speech or reporting. Based on a national online survey of German citizens ( N = 2,691), we investigated how perceived political and digital media literacy of individuals with prior experience in addressing online incivilities ( n = 672) relates to (private and public) direct and indirect forms of intervention against online hate speech. The results indicate that a sense of empowerment regarding digital media content particularly increases direct, public interventions, such as uttering counter-speech.

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授权是关键？感知的政治和批判性数字媒体素养如何解释在线仇恨言论的直接和间接旁观者干预

仇恨言论在数字媒体中普遍存在，此类事件可能会伤害个人并助长敌对言论。因此，了解影响旁观者干预的因素是至关重要的。尽管人们经常呼吁进行更多的研究，但有必要更深入地了解感知到的政治和数字媒体素养与各种形式的在线旁观者干预（如反言论或报道）的频率之间的关系。基于对德国公民的全国在线调查（N = 2691），我们调查了具有处理网络不文明行为经验的个人（N = 672）的感知政治和数字媒体素养如何与（私人和公共）直接和间接形式的干预网络仇恨言论的关系。结果表明，对数字媒体内容的授权感特别增加了直接的公共干预，例如发表反对言论。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Social Media + Society COMMUNICATION-

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

3.80%

发文量

111

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Social Media + Society is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal that focuses on the socio-cultural, political, psychological, historical, economic, legal and policy dimensions of social media in societies past, contemporary and future. We publish interdisciplinary work that draws from the social sciences, humanities and computational social sciences, reaches out to the arts and natural sciences, and we endorse mixed methods and methodologies. The journal is open to a diversity of theoretic paradigms and methodologies. The editorial vision of Social Media + Society draws inspiration from research on social media to outline a field of study poised to reflexively grow as social technologies evolve. We foster the open access of sharing of research on the social properties of media, as they manifest themselves through the uses people make of networked platforms past and present, digital and non. The journal presents a collaborative, open, and shared space, dedicated exclusively to the study of social media and their implications for societies. It facilitates state-of-the-art research on cutting-edge trends and allows scholars to focus and track trends specific to this field of study.