{"title":"Optimal dietary phospholipid requirement for juvenile leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus).","authors":"Xiangqin Lin, Yixiong Cao, Xuehan Wang, Xiaoxue Meng, Junming Deng, Beiping Tan","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf096","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highly sought-after carnivorous leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in seawater is valued for its vivid coloration and nutritional richness. Dietary phospholipid supplementation has been demonstrated to enhance physiological health in fish, but these effects are species-dependent. Despite its popularity, there is scarce study regarding the effects of dietary phospholipids on P. leopardus. To determine the optimal dietary phospholipid requirement for P. leopardus, six isonitrogenous (53% crude protein) and isolipidic (12% crude lipid) diets were formulated with varying levels (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) of phospholipid provided by soybean lecithin (SL). Juvenile P. leopardus with an average initial weight (13.92 g) underwent a 9-week feeding trial. Results demonstrated that weight gain rate (WGR) tended to elevate firstly with the dietary SL content up to 3%, and subsequently diminished. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) gradually declined with dietary SL level up to 2% and then stabilized. The incorporation of 2‒5% SL into the diet led to an enhancement of trypsin and lipase activities in the foregut. Additionally, the higher muscular layer thickness, villus width, and villus height in the hindgut were observed with the same dosage of dietary SL. Similarly, the dietary inclusion of 2-3% SL boosted the serum and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, along with enhancing the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lysozyme (LZM) in liver and hindgut. Furthermore, the dietary incorporation of 2% SL led to an upregulation of the relative mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in the hindgut, but decreased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in serum. Overall, dietary incorporation of 2‒3% SL improved the growth rate, digestive function, antioxidant and immune responses of P. leopardus, the recommended level was 3% based on WGR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of animal science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf096","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The highly sought-after carnivorous leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in seawater is valued for its vivid coloration and nutritional richness. Dietary phospholipid supplementation has been demonstrated to enhance physiological health in fish, but these effects are species-dependent. Despite its popularity, there is scarce study regarding the effects of dietary phospholipids on P. leopardus. To determine the optimal dietary phospholipid requirement for P. leopardus, six isonitrogenous (53% crude protein) and isolipidic (12% crude lipid) diets were formulated with varying levels (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) of phospholipid provided by soybean lecithin (SL). Juvenile P. leopardus with an average initial weight (13.92 g) underwent a 9-week feeding trial. Results demonstrated that weight gain rate (WGR) tended to elevate firstly with the dietary SL content up to 3%, and subsequently diminished. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) gradually declined with dietary SL level up to 2% and then stabilized. The incorporation of 2‒5% SL into the diet led to an enhancement of trypsin and lipase activities in the foregut. Additionally, the higher muscular layer thickness, villus width, and villus height in the hindgut were observed with the same dosage of dietary SL. Similarly, the dietary inclusion of 2-3% SL boosted the serum and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, along with enhancing the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lysozyme (LZM) in liver and hindgut. Furthermore, the dietary incorporation of 2% SL led to an upregulation of the relative mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in the hindgut, but decreased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in serum. Overall, dietary incorporation of 2‒3% SL improved the growth rate, digestive function, antioxidant and immune responses of P. leopardus, the recommended level was 3% based on WGR.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year.
Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.