Zero trust-based authentication for Inter-Satellite Links in NextGen Low Earth Orbit networks

Abstract

Next Generation (NextGen) Low Earth Orbit satellite networks are rapidly expanding to support global communication and 6G technology transition. This growth exposes networks to new security challenges due to wide coverage in hostile areas and increased access points in space and on Earth. Traditional static authentication methods prove inadequate in this dynamic environment. We address these challenges by developing a Zero Trust Authentication Protocol for Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) communication. Our protocol implements a novel verification process that leverages orbital signals to authenticate ISLs. This approach ensures secure data access and transmission exclusively among verified satellites, mitigating threats from eavesdropping, signal spoofing, impersonation, and replay attacks. To optimize security and resource efficiency, we integrate Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC) into our protocol. We validate our approach through MATLAB and Systems Tool Kit (STK) simulations, complemented by BAN Logic and Scyther analyses. Our findings demonstrate that our protocol enhances the security framework of NextGen LEO networks without compromising their performance or operational capabilities.