Enhanced Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Detection of Cd(II) Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with N, N-Dimethyl-1-Aminoanthraquinone Decorated Nickel Ferrite and Graphene Oxide Sheets

Abstract

The study demonstrates the fabrication of DNG via a sonochemical route from an anthraquinone-based compound (N,N-dimethyl-1-amino-anthraquinone) intricately combined with nickel ferrite-embedded graphene oxide and tailored for the electrochemical sensing of hazardous Cd²⁺ ions. Structural (Raman, XRD) and morphological (FE-SEM and HRTEM) studies confirm the successful fabrication of nanocomposite. Herein, an anthraquinone derivative (DAAQ) serves as a key functional group, offering abundant binding sites further amplified by the synergistic interaction between NF (distinguished by its substantial surface area) and GO (renowned for its exceptional electrical conductivity). The charge transfer resistance, electrochemically active surface area, and electron transport pathways at the electrode-electrolyte interface were all better understood by CV and EIS analysis. The sensing platform demonstrated SWASV determination of Cd²⁺ within the concentration range of 0.1 to 8 μM with a quantification limit of 8.0 nM and an outstanding detection limit of 2.5 nM. High sensitivity (5.78 mA μM^-1) and remarkable reproducibility (RSD ∼ 2.39%) of stable DNG electrodes for targeted analytes highlights its potential to reveal new avenues in electroanalytical applications.