The Role of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Social Determinants of Health in Influencing the Perceived Quality of Patient-Provider Communication.

Abstract

Background: Patient-centered communication is a critical process in high-quality healthcare that emphasizes the reciprocal sharing of information between providers and patients to ensure care aligns with the patient's needs, preferences, and personal values. A significant challenge arises from the healthcare provider's time constraints during clinical encounters and the lack of adequate training on how to adopt a patient-centered communication style that addresses patient concerns, making it difficult to foster an environment conducive to shared decision making. These issues are further exacerbated by cultural and language barriers, along with low levels of health literacy and social determinants of health (SDoHs), which complicate efforts to deliver patient-centered care. Objective: This study examined quality criteria for patient-provider communication (PPC) and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics and SDoHs on housing, transportation, and food insecurity. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-6) national dataset. Associations between PPC and sociodemographic variables were tested using the chi-squared test. Binary logistic regression was carried out to examine the association between three PPC criteria and each of the sociodemographic characteristics and patient comfort in disclosing information on SDoHs. Results: Bivariate analyses showed statistically significant associations for age, occupation status, marital status, Hispanic origin, and race across all three PPC criteria. Significant associations were reported for education and income for the two criteria related to being given the chance to ask questions and being involved in healthcare decisions. Finally, significant associations were reported for all PPC criteria and patient comfort levels in discussing SDoHs. Conclusions: Findings from this paper provide insight for enhancing the quality of PCC in underserved populations, particularly when it comes to informing the design of evidence-based cervical cancer screening interventions which are culturally centered around the patients' needs and that integrate PPC as a foundational component.