Radiation-Induced Brain Injury with Special Reference to Astrocytes as a Therapeutic Target.

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES
Caiping Wang, Xingjuan Fan, Yunwei Shi, Fengru Tang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Radiotherapy is one of the primary modalities for oncologic treatment and has been utilized at least once in over half of newly diagnosed cancer patients. Cranial radiotherapy has significantly enhanced the long-term survival rates of patients with brain tumors. However, radiation-induced brain injury, particularly hippocampal neuronal damage along with impairment of neurogenesis, inflammation, and gliosis, adversely affects the quality of life for these patients. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell that are abundant in the brain, play essential roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Despite their importance, the pathophysiological changes in astrocytes induced by radiation have not been thoroughly investigated, and no systematic or comprehensive review addressing the effects of radiation on astrocytes and related diseases has been conducted. In this paper, we review current studies on the neurophysiological roles of astrocytes following radiation exposure. We describe the pathophysiological changes in astrocytes, including astrogliosis, astrosenescence, and the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the roles of astrocytes in radiation-induced impairments of neurogenesis and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Based on current research, we propose that brain astrocytes may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) and subsequent neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

以星形胶质细胞为治疗靶点的辐射性脑损伤。
放射治疗是肿瘤治疗的主要方式之一,在一半以上的新诊断的癌症患者中至少使用过一次。颅脑放疗显著提高了脑肿瘤患者的长期生存率。然而,辐射引起的脑损伤,特别是海马神经元损伤以及神经发生、炎症和神经胶质瘤的损害,对这些患者的生活质量产生不利影响。星形胶质细胞是大脑中丰富的一种胶质细胞,在维持大脑稳态和功能方面起着至关重要的作用。尽管辐射对星形胶质细胞的病理生理变化具有重要意义,但目前尚未对辐射引起的星形胶质细胞的病理生理变化进行深入的研究,也未对辐射对星形胶质细胞及其相关疾病的影响进行系统、全面的综述。本文就星形胶质细胞在辐射照射后的神经生理作用的研究进展进行综述。我们描述了星形胶质细胞的病理生理变化,包括星形胶质细胞形成,星形胶质细胞衰老,以及相关的细胞和分子机制。此外,我们总结了星形胶质细胞在辐射诱导的神经发生损伤和血脑屏障(BBB)中的作用。基于目前的研究,我们提出脑星形胶质细胞可能作为治疗辐射性脑损伤(RIBI)和随后的神经和神经精神疾病的潜在治疗靶点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
173
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: JIN is an international peer-reviewed, open access journal. JIN publishes leading-edge research at the interface of theoretical and experimental neuroscience, focusing across hierarchical levels of brain organization to better understand how diverse functions are integrated. We encourage submissions from scientists of all specialties that relate to brain functioning.
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