Neuroglia in epilepsy.

Q2 Medicine

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00016-8

Manolia R Ghouli, Devin K Binder

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Abstract

Epilepsy is a group of neurologic diseases characterized by spontaneous, repetitive disruption to neuronal activity. Neurons have been at the core of epilepsy research efforts, and pharmacotherapies historically have been generated by targeting neuronal mechanisms. As a result, most currently available antiseizure drugs (ASDs) work to either decrease excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission or to increase inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission. However, ASDs may have undesirable side effects on cognition and also fail to control seizures in approximately 30% of epilepsy patients. In recent years, glia have surfaced as essential modulators of neuronal function in health and disease. The redirection of focus onto neuroglia provides new perspectives and opportunities to generate novel therapeutic targets that may treat refractory epilepsy and diminish the unwanted side effect profile of current treatments. In this chapter, we discuss the contribution of astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia to the genesis, development, and progression of epilepsy, and we highlight key enzymes, receptors, transporters, and channels that may be pursued as nonneuronal targets for novel ASDs.

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来源期刊

Handbook of clinical neurology Medicine-Neurology (clinical)

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

302

期刊介绍： The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.