Neuroglial responses to bacterial, viral, and fungal neuroinfections.

Q2 Medicine

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00027-2

Ifeoluwa Awogbindin, Eva ŠimonČiČová, Virginie Vidal, Chantaille Ash, Marie-Eve Tremblay

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Abstract

Evidence regarding the host's response to peripheral pathogens in humans abound, whereas studies on the pathogenesis of central nervous system-penetrating infections are relatively scarce. However, given the spate of epidemic and pandemic neuroinfections in the 21st century, the field has experienced a renewed interest lately. This chapter discusses a timely and exciting topic on the roles of glial cells, mainly microglia and astrocytes, in neuroinvasive infections. This chapter considered fungal, viral, and bacterial neuroinfections, X-raying their neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism, and neurovirulence before focusing on specific examples notable for each category, including Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, and SARS-CoV-2. These infections are renowned worldwide for a high case-fatality rate, leaving many survivors with life-long morbidity and others with a bleak future neurologic prognosis. Importantly, the chapter discusses possible ways microglia and astrocytes are culpable in these infections and provides approaches by which they can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes, identifying viable research gaps in the process. Additionally, it offers a synopsis of ongoing works considering microglial selective targeting to attenuate the pathology, morbidity, and mortality associated with these neuroinfections. Considering that microglia and astrocytes are first responders in the central nervous system, targeting these glial cells could be the game changer in managing existing and emerging neuroinvasive infections.

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来源期刊

Handbook of clinical neurology Medicine-Neurology (clinical)

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

302

期刊介绍： The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.