Correlation Between Condylar Shape and Malocclusion: CBCT Analysis.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study introduces a novel classification system using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess condylar morphology and its correlation with different skeletal classifications. Methods: A retrospective CBCT analysis of 288 subjects evaluated condylar shape, flattening at the medial and lateral poles, and the presence of degenerative changes. Statistical analyses identified significant associations. Results: Class II skeletal malocclusion was the most prevalent (63.5% females and 36.4% males). Females exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of degenerative changes (p < 0.001), with notable lateral pole flattening. The most common condylar morphology was convex (52.43% left and 51% right), followed by angled, round, and flat. Degenerative changes were more frequent on the left side, particularly in Class II Division 1 cases (37%). Conclusions: This classification system enhances temporomandibular joint (TMJ) evaluation in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, allowing for the early detection of morphological changes to optimize patient care.