Cardiogenic Shock Teams: Past, Present, and Future Directions.

Abstract

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a significant challenge in cardiovascular medicine, characterized by substantial morbidity and mortality. Historically, patient outcomes in CS have been varied, highly dependent on the timeliness of interventions and the expertise available at treating centers. Emerging evidence indicates that structured, team-based approaches significantly improve survival rates and diminish complications linked to CS. However, several challenges for implementing a team-based approach persist, including optimizing team composition and resource distribution. This article delves into the evolution, current implementations, and future directions of CS teams, emphasizing their crucial role in enhancing patient outcomes. We advocate for the adoption of standardized protocols to ensure uniformity of care across institutions, highlighting the critical need for prompt recognition and management strategies that integrate invasive hemodynamic monitoring and early mechanical circulatory support. Looking ahead, we propose the extension of CS team models into regional networks, broadening their impact through education, telemedicine and collaborative protocols. We also emphasize the importance of continuous research and data sharing via national registries to refine CS team strategies and substantiate their effects on patient outcomes. Ultimately, this review highlights the imperative for ongoing innovation and standardization in CS team operations to improve care delivery and enhance survival rates in CS scenarios.