Risk Factors and Dental Caries Incidence in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Abstract

Background/objectives: Dental caries is believed to be one of the most frequent dental long-term adverse effects of anticancer therapy. It may occur due to numerous chemotherapy-dependent oral symptoms or due to the possible neglection of oral care because of parental involvement in the monitoring of other long-term effects of the therapy. This study aimed to determine the incidence of dental caries and the impact of other risk factors in cancer survivors and age-matched controls.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 cancer survivors and 80 peers divided into three age groups. Indices such as dmft/s, DMFT/S, ft/s, FT/S, Plaque Index (PI), and Gingival Index (GI) were calculated to compare the study participants. The sum of dmft and DMFT was used to assess the possible impact of socioeconomic, oral hygiene, and dietary factors.

Results: Caries frequency was found to be lower in cancer survivors (92.50%) than in controls (97.50%). No statistically significant differences were found between the study groups within all the caries indices examined. Strong positive correlations with PI and cariogenic diet in the youngest survivors and with PI in middle-aged survivors were observed. Strong negative correlations in middle-aged children were noticed in terms of father's education in survivors and mother's education in controls.

Conclusions: The study findings suggest that there is no relationship between chemotherapy and dental caries in long-term cancer survivors. Careful dental care still remains a major contributor to maintaining oral health.