Diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in autoimmune encephalitis: prognostic implications.

IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING
Acta radiologica Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI:10.1177/02841851241307330
Poornima Narayanan Nambiar, K Y Manisha, Jayakumari Nandana, Ramshekhar N Menon, S Vinayagamani, Bejoy Thomas, Ashalatha Radhakrishnan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

BackgroundThe role of imaging in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) remains unclear, and there are limited data on the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose, treat, or prognosticate AIE.PurposeTo evaluate whether MRI is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for AIE and assess its efficacy in distinguishing between various AIE subtypes.Material and MethodsWe analyzed data from 96 AIE patients from our prospective autoimmune registry. MRI sequences examined were FLAIR, diffusion, SWI, T2WI, ASL, and contrast enhancement. Short-term outcomes were measured using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge; long-term outcomes were assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at 6 months.ResultsMRI confirmed AIE in cases of new-onset seizures (82.1%, P < 0.001) and dementia (100%, P = 0.02). Antibody-negative AIE exhibited significant multifocal FLAIR abnormalities compared to antibody-positive cases (P = 0.002). LGI1 and CASPR2 encephalitis frequently involved the mesial temporal region (P = 0.004), while ASL revealed hyperperfusion of the contralateral basal ganglia in faciobrachial dystonic seizures (P = 0.016). GAD65 encephalitis predominantly affected the cerebellum (P = 0.002), and NMDA encephalitis showed contrast enhancement in five cases (P = 0.045). MRI was not useful for predicting short-term outcomes but was associated with long-term outcomes; specifically, a normal MRI was linked to a better long-term outcome in 47.8% of patients (P = 0.035), and resolution of abnormalities correlated with a favorable FIM score (>54) in 76.7% (P = 0.016).ConclusionMRI is valuable for early detection of seizures or dementia as initial manifestations of AIE and for differentiating AIE subtypes. Follow-up MRI is significant in predicting long-term outcomes.

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来源期刊
Acta radiologica
Acta radiologica 医学-核医学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
170
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Acta Radiologica publishes articles on all aspects of radiology, from clinical radiology to experimental work. It is known for articles based on experimental work and contrast media research, giving priority to scientific original papers. The distinguished international editorial board also invite review articles, short communications and technical and instrumental notes.
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