The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile

Abstract

Contemporary researches underscore the efficacy of a novel single-pill blend comprising Losartan (LOS), Rosuvastatin (ROS), Ezetimibe (EZE), together with Amlodipine (AML) for managing hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This work displays the utilization of effective and eco-friendly approaches for the synchronous estimation of LOS, ROS, EZE, and AML in their combined forms and tablet preparations with critical ratios. The technique of integrating constant multiplication with spectrum subtraction is key in disentangling the complex quaternary mixture. It does so by analyzing the extended spectral region of AML and ROS to ascertain their concentrations and segregate their influence from the composite, thus isolating the LOS/EZE duo. The interference between LOS and EZE is subsequently deciphered either through the direct application of continuous wavelet transformation on the original spectra using the Daubechies wavelets or by manipulating the ratio spectra using either of two strategies: advanced amplitude difference or mean-centering transformations. These approaches have successfully quantified AML, LOS, ROS, and EZE within the ranges of 7-40 μg/ml, 4-35 μg/ml, 5-35 μg/ml, and 4-35 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, we validated these methods for precision, accuracy, and specificity following the directions of ICH. A statistical comparison with HPLC-reported approaches revealed no significant differences. The ecological profile of the presented approaches was also evaluated, considering three aspects: greenness (using the modified eco-scale Green Certificate, AGREE, AGP, and Green Solvent Selection Tool), whiteness (using RGP12), and practicality (using the Blue Applicability Grade Index - BAGI). This ecological assessment confirms the sustainability, economic viability, and safety of the suggested approaches for daily analysis.