Effect of Chitosan and Casein on the CBR behavior of silty clay for low volume roads: Reliability-based design optimization approach

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141014

Romana Mariyam Rasheed , Arif Ali Baig Moghal , B. Munwar Basha , Abdullah Almajed

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The unsoaked and soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values play a pivotal role in understanding the suitability of the selected subgrade soil. Two hydrophobic biopolymers, Chitosan and Casein were adopted in the current study to improve Silty Clay at dosages (dosage of Chitosan (D_ch) and Casein (D_ca)) of 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 4 % after curing for 7, 14, 28, and 60 days. The unsoaked bearing resistance increased with an increase in dosage and curing period for both biopolymers. However, the soaked CBR values declined at D_ch and D_ca of 4 % due to the formation of interaggregate voids. The probability of the subgrade failure against the minimum soaked CBR requirement for low-volume roads was evaluated to assess the suitability of biopolymer-treated soils. The 28-day cured Chitosan and Casein samples attained a target reliability index of 3 at dosages of D_ch = 0.7 % and D_ca = 1.25 %, respectively for COV of CBR_min = 20 %. Chitosan outperformed Casein at all dosages, curing period (CP), and COV of CBR_min. This study has demonstrated that the chosen hydrophobic biopolymers can improve subgrade strength in low-volume roads and easily replace conventional materials having a larger carbon footprint. Furthermore, the reliability approach adopted can assess the serviceability and uncertainties associated with biopolymer treatment in fine-grained soils for the range of curing periods and dosages considered.

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来源期刊

Construction and Building Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

21.60%

发文量

3632

审稿时长

82 days

期刊介绍： Construction and Building Materials offers an international platform for sharing innovative and original research and development in the realm of construction and building materials, along with their practical applications in new projects and repair practices. The journal publishes a diverse array of pioneering research and application papers, detailing laboratory investigations and, to a limited extent, numerical analyses or reports on full-scale projects. Multi-part papers are discouraged. Additionally, Construction and Building Materials features comprehensive case studies and insightful review articles that contribute to new insights in the field. Our focus is on papers related to construction materials, excluding those on structural engineering, geotechnics, and unbound highway layers. Covered materials and technologies encompass cement, concrete reinforcement, bricks and mortars, additives, corrosion technology, ceramics, timber, steel, polymers, glass fibers, recycled materials, bamboo, rammed earth, non-conventional building materials, bituminous materials, and applications in railway materials.