Frequently asked questions and answers on Visually-Provoked (Photosensitive) epilepsy

IF 1.8 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Epilepsy and Behavior Reports Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100753

Dorothée Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité , Jayant Acharya , Fiona Mitchell Baumer , Roy Beran , Dana Craiu , Jaqueline French , Pasquale Parisi , Jessica Solodar , Jerzy P. Szaflarski , Yukitoshi Takahashi , Liu Lin Thio , Ben Tolchin , Arnold Wilkins , Robert S. Fisher

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Abstract

Clinical experts associated with national epilepsy-related societies, led by the Epilepsy Foundation, collected, collated and answered “Frequently asked questions (FAQ)” of broad interest pertaining to visually-provoked seizures. Questions emerged from people with epilepsy, caretakers and healthcare professionals from different countries around the world. Focus is on practical implications of visually-provoked seizures. The top 5 most frequently asked questions were.

1.
How does a doctor make a diagnosis of visually-provoked seizures?
2.
What can I do in general to prevent visually-provoked seizures?
3.
Will I need antiseizure medications for my visually-provoked seizures?”
4.
Will I outgrow visually-provoked seizures? How will I know if I’ve outgrown them?
5.
How do I enable safety features to block content that could trigger seizures on social media, websites, phones, laptops and tablets?

Answers were based on scientific evidence, where such information was available [1] and expert opinion when formal evidence was insufficient. Key answers included distinction of photoparoxysmal EEG findings versus light-provoked seizures. Typical provocation is by flashes at 10–25 per second or certain moving patterns. There is a genetic risk, which is outgrown in about half. Covering one or both eyes can prevent a light-provoked seizure. TV, videogames, virtual reality and 3D images are not in themselves provocative, but their content can be.

Topics covered included: 1. Photosensitive epilepsy diagnosis; 2. Preventing visually-provoked seizures; 3. Do treatments help; 4. Life and behavioral decisions; 5. School; 6. Multi-media; 7. Children and youth.

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