Impact of external loading on the time-dependent evolution of 3D printed concrete with recycled sand in the green state

IF 10.8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Cement & concrete composites Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106059

Chao Liu , Xin Li , Yiwen Wu , Huawei Liu , Yisheng Meng

{"title":"Impact of external loading on the time-dependent evolution of 3D printed concrete with recycled sand in the green state","authors":"Chao Liu , Xin Li , Yiwen Wu , Huawei Liu , Yisheng Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106059","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>External loads are critical to the structural stability and construction precision of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) in the green state. However, in-depth research on this issue remains limited. This study prepared 3D printed concrete with recycled sand (3DPCRS) at replacement ratios of 0 %, 50 %, and 100 % and investigated the time-dependent evolution of 3DPCRS structures in the green state under stepwise loading. Using digital image analysis, the displacement and deformation characteristics of 3DPCRS structures were examined. Additionally, static rheological tests and unconfined uniaxial compression tests were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties and green strength of 3DPCRS. The results indicated that as the recycled sand (RS) replacement ratio increases, the plastic zone area of 3DPCRS structures in the green state under loading gradually decreases. Two displacement modes were identified under loading: instantaneous sudden displacement and static creep displacement, both of which decrease with increasing RS replacement ratio. Furthermore, the yield stress and development rate of the green strength of 3DPCRS accelerate as the RS replacement ratio increases. This study elucidates the mechanisms governing the time-dependent evolution of 3DPCRS structures under loading and proposes a bearing capacity calculation model for vertical loading on the basis of structural parameters. These findings provide valuable guidance for the construction and design of 3DPC structures under loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106059"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cement & concrete composites","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958946525001416","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

External loads are critical to the structural stability and construction precision of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) in the green state. However, in-depth research on this issue remains limited. This study prepared 3D printed concrete with recycled sand (3DPCRS) at replacement ratios of 0 %, 50 %, and 100 % and investigated the time-dependent evolution of 3DPCRS structures in the green state under stepwise loading. Using digital image analysis, the displacement and deformation characteristics of 3DPCRS structures were examined. Additionally, static rheological tests and unconfined uniaxial compression tests were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties and green strength of 3DPCRS. The results indicated that as the recycled sand (RS) replacement ratio increases, the plastic zone area of 3DPCRS structures in the green state under loading gradually decreases. Two displacement modes were identified under loading: instantaneous sudden displacement and static creep displacement, both of which decrease with increasing RS replacement ratio. Furthermore, the yield stress and development rate of the green strength of 3DPCRS accelerate as the RS replacement ratio increases. This study elucidates the mechanisms governing the time-dependent evolution of 3DPCRS structures under loading and proposes a bearing capacity calculation model for vertical loading on the basis of structural parameters. These findings provide valuable guidance for the construction and design of 3DPC structures under loading conditions.

查看原文本刊更多论文

外载荷对再生砂3D打印混凝土绿态随时间演化的影响

在绿色状态下，外部荷载对3D打印混凝土的结构稳定性和施工精度至关重要。然而，对这一问题的深入研究仍然有限。本研究制备了再生砂替代率为0%、50%和100%的3D打印混凝土（3DPCRS），并研究了逐步加载下3DPCRS结构在绿态下的随时间演变。利用数字图像分析技术，研究了三维dpcrs结构的位移和变形特性。通过静态流变试验和无侧限单轴压缩试验，评价了3DPCRS的流变特性和绿色强度。结果表明：随着再生砂（RS）替代率的增加，加载下处于绿态的3DPCRS结构的塑性区面积逐渐减小；载荷作用下，瞬时突变位移和静态蠕变位移两种位移模式均随RS置换比的增大而减小。随着RS替代率的增加，3DPCRS的屈服应力和绿色强度的发展速度加快。本研究阐明了荷载作用下3DPCRS结构随时间演化的机理，提出了基于结构参数的竖向荷载承载力计算模型。研究结果对三维pc结构在荷载作用下的施工和设计具有一定的指导意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Cement & concrete composites 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

18.70

自引率

11.40%

发文量

459

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Cement & concrete composites focuses on advancements in cement-concrete composite technology and the production, use, and performance of cement-based construction materials. It covers a wide range of materials, including fiber-reinforced composites, polymer composites, ferrocement, and those incorporating special aggregates or waste materials. Major themes include microstructure, material properties, testing, durability, mechanics, modeling, design, fabrication, and practical applications. The journal welcomes papers on structural behavior, field studies, repair and maintenance, serviceability, and sustainability. It aims to enhance understanding, provide a platform for unconventional materials, promote low-cost energy-saving materials, and bridge the gap between materials science, engineering, and construction. Special issues on emerging topics are also published to encourage collaboration between materials scientists, engineers, designers, and fabricators.