Comparative evaluation and economic analysis of metal- and carbon-based nanoadditives in low-viscous waste-derived biofuel blends for diesel engines

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2025.106057

Xu Han, Ting Li, Guangchun Liu, Suresh Vellaiyan

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Abstract

This study presents a comparative evaluation of two distinct nanoadditives: a metal-based additive (copper oxide, CuO) and a carbon-based additive (carbon nanotubes, CNTs), focusing on their effects on engine performance and emissions when blended with a biofuel derived from pomelo peel waste (PWB) and conventional diesel fuel (CDF). The PWB bio-oil was extracted via thermal distillation, and a 30 % PWB + CDF blend (CDF30PWB) was further modified with 100 ppm of CuO and CNT nanoparticles. Characterization of CuO and CNT confirmed their catalytic potential for fuel enhancement. Results indicate that CDF30PWB improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 6.09 % compared to CDF, while CNT and CuO further increased BTE by 1.63 % and 3.12 %, respectively. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was reduced by 3.95 % for CDF30PWB, with CNT achieving an additional 3.69 % reduction and CuO lowering BSFC by 2.1 %. Emissions analysis showed that hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced by 8.13 % and 2.61 %, respectively, for CDF30PWB, while CNT-enhanced fuel achieved further reductions of 14.59 % (HC) and 14.93 % (CO), and CuO reduced them by 4.29 % and 8.5 %, respectively. NOx emissions increased by 5.15 % with CDF30PWB, but CuO incorporation led to a 12.56 % reduction, and CNTs reduced NOx by 8.45 %. Smoke opacity was lowered by 9.88 % with CuO and 11.05 % with CNTs. Economic analysis highlighted that CuO achieved a 19 % potential cost reduction. This study concludes that CuO is more effective in NOx mitigation at a lower cost, while CNTs optimize engine performance and reduce HC and CO emissions.

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来源期刊

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Chemical Engineering-Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

11.80%

发文量

812

审稿时长

76 days

期刊介绍： Case Studies in Thermal Engineering provides a forum for the rapid publication of short, structured Case Studies in Thermal Engineering and related Short Communications. It provides an essential compendium of case studies for researchers and practitioners in the field of thermal engineering and others who are interested in aspects of thermal engineering cases that could affect other engineering processes. The journal not only publishes new and novel case studies, but also provides a forum for the publication of high quality descriptions of classic thermal engineering problems. The scope of the journal includes case studies of thermal engineering problems in components, devices and systems using existing experimental and numerical techniques in the areas of mechanical, aerospace, chemical, medical, thermal management for electronics, heat exchangers, regeneration, solar thermal energy, thermal storage, building energy conservation, and power generation. Case studies of thermal problems in other areas will also be considered.