Baseline Characteristics of Bronchial Secretions and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Rodopi Stamatiou, Efrosyni Gerovasileiou, Maria Angeli, Konstantina Deskata, Vasiliki Tsolaki, Konstantinos Mantzarlis, Epameinondas Zakynthinos, Demosthenes Makris
{"title":"Baseline Characteristics of Bronchial Secretions and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.","authors":"Rodopi Stamatiou, Efrosyni Gerovasileiou, Maria Angeli, Konstantina Deskata, Vasiliki Tsolaki, Konstantinos Mantzarlis, Epameinondas Zakynthinos, Demosthenes Makris","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030676","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanically ventilated (MV) patients often develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) with increased mortality risk, especially in VAP caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. We evaluated MV patients and monitored VAP presentation, microbiologically confirmed. The patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blind bronchial aspiration (AC) at baseline. Systematic bronchial secretion and radiologic assessments were performed daily. The patients were classified as MDR-VAP, non-MDR-VAP, or non-VAP. The APACHE II and SOFA scores, microbiology, inflammatory markers, respiratory system characteristics, and ventilator settings were evaluated. BAL and AC were assessed for total protein levels, cellular number and profile, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Of the VAP patients, 46.1% presented with MDR-VAP due to <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, or <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>, and 53.8%-with non-MDR-VAP. The VAP patients had higher APACHE II scores and airway pressure but a lower baseline PO<sub>2</sub>/FIO<sub>2</sub> compared to the non-VAP patients, while PO<sub>2</sub>/FIO<sub>2</sub> was increased in MDR-VAP compared to non-MDR-VAP. BAL protein, IL-1β, and cellular levels were increased in VAP vs. non-VAP and in non-MDR-VAP compared to MDR-VAP. Macrophages and polymorphonuclears were 34.36% and 23.76% in VAP, statistically significant increased compared to non-VAP. Their percentages were also increased in non-MDR-VAP compared to MDR-VAP. These differences imply a different immunological profile in non-MDR-VAP patients. In conclusion, MDR-VAP patients may present significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics and molecular biomarkers, which may help in prompt diagnosis and an improved therapeutic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945258/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microorganisms","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030676","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mechanically ventilated (MV) patients often develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) with increased mortality risk, especially in VAP caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. We evaluated MV patients and monitored VAP presentation, microbiologically confirmed. The patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blind bronchial aspiration (AC) at baseline. Systematic bronchial secretion and radiologic assessments were performed daily. The patients were classified as MDR-VAP, non-MDR-VAP, or non-VAP. The APACHE II and SOFA scores, microbiology, inflammatory markers, respiratory system characteristics, and ventilator settings were evaluated. BAL and AC were assessed for total protein levels, cellular number and profile, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Of the VAP patients, 46.1% presented with MDR-VAP due to Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and 53.8%-with non-MDR-VAP. The VAP patients had higher APACHE II scores and airway pressure but a lower baseline PO2/FIO2 compared to the non-VAP patients, while PO2/FIO2 was increased in MDR-VAP compared to non-MDR-VAP. BAL protein, IL-1β, and cellular levels were increased in VAP vs. non-VAP and in non-MDR-VAP compared to MDR-VAP. Macrophages and polymorphonuclears were 34.36% and 23.76% in VAP, statistically significant increased compared to non-VAP. Their percentages were also increased in non-MDR-VAP compared to MDR-VAP. These differences imply a different immunological profile in non-MDR-VAP patients. In conclusion, MDR-VAP patients may present significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics and molecular biomarkers, which may help in prompt diagnosis and an improved therapeutic approach.

求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Microorganisms
Microorganisms Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
6.70%
发文量
2168
审稿时长
20.03 days
期刊介绍: Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and prions. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信