Incidence and Factors Associated With Spontaneous Regression in Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations.

IF 6 1区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Juliana Bonilla-Velez, Carrie L Heike, Larry G Kessler, Xing Wang, Tara L Wenger, Bonnie W Ramsey, Jonathan A Perkins
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Importance: Head and neck lymphatic malformations (HNLMs) demonstrate considerable variability in their natural history. While some malformations cause chronic severe functional impairment, others are asymptomatic and spontaneously regress. Understanding the frequency and features associated with regression will aid clinicians and families in making informed treatment choices and avoid unnecessary risks of intervention for a subset of patients.

Objective: To assess the incidence, timing, and factors associated with spontaneous regression of HNLMs.

Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study across a single regional pediatric tertiary care academic center included patients aged 0 to 21 years with HNLM who were evaluated in the vascular anomalies clinic and prospectively enrolled in an institutional quality improvement database between 2003 and 2022. Observation was offered to patients without symptoms or functional compromise. Treatment decisions were made during routine clinical care.

Exposures: Age of HNLM onset and HNLM location, distribution, cystic structure, grade, and de Serres staging.

Main outcome and measures: The incidence of complete spontaneous regression was estimated. The strength of the association between exposures and regression was assessed using risk ratios, Cliff Δ, and Cramer V. A Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the probability of spontaneous regression over time. The association of the exposures on the likelihood of spontaneous regression were assessed using 2-sided log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: Of 298 patients with HNLMs, 173 (58.1%) were male, and most HNLMs were diagnosed prenatally or at birth (137 patients [46.0%]). Among HNLMs, 189 (63.4%) had a focal distribution, 228 (76.5%) were de Serres stage I or II, and 128 (43.0%) were macrocystic. Complete spontaneous regression occurred in 27 patients (9.1%) at a median (IQR) time of 12.0 (6.7-27.4) months from onset. Factors associated with a large difference in the rate of complete spontaneous regression included macrocystic structure, neck location, focal distribution, and grade 1 or de Serres I stage. HNLMs of the upper face or midface, with mixed or microcystic composition, or with extensive unilateral or bilateral involvement did not regress.

Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study, HNLMs that were macrocystic, of limited extent, and/or in the neck were more likely to completely spontaneously regress. A 1-year observation period for asymptomatic HNLM, particularly when favorable features are present, should be considered, as nonintervention may be curative. Future studies will examine interaction among these factors. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of HNLM natural history that can directly inform clinical decision-making, decrease treatment risk, and optimize patient outcomes.

头颈部淋巴畸形自发性消退的发生率及相关因素。
重要性:头颈部淋巴畸形(hnlm)在其自然史中表现出相当大的变异性。虽然有些畸形会导致慢性严重的功能损害,但其他畸形则无症状并自行消退。了解与退化相关的频率和特征将有助于临床医生和家庭做出明智的治疗选择,并避免对一部分患者进行不必要的干预风险。目的:评估hnlm自发性消退的发生率、时间和相关因素。设计、环境和参与者:这项回顾性队列研究横跨一个地区儿科三级医疗学术中心,纳入了年龄在0至21岁的HNLM患者,这些患者在血管异常门诊进行了评估,并在2003年至2022年期间前瞻性地纳入了一个机构质量改进数据库。对无症状或功能损害的患者进行观察。在常规临床护理期间作出治疗决定。暴露:HNLM发病年龄、位置、分布、囊性结构、分级和de Serres分期。主要观察指标:估计完全自发回归的发生率。使用风险比、Cliff Δ和Cramer v评估暴露与回归之间的关联强度。Kaplan-Meier曲线用于估计随时间自发回归的概率。使用双侧对数秩检验和Cox比例风险模型评估暴露与自发回归可能性的关联。结果:298例HNLMs患者中,173例(58.1%)为男性,多数HNLMs是在产前或出生时确诊的(137例(46.0%))。在hnlm中,189例(63.4%)为局灶性分布,228例(76.5%)为de Serres I期或II期,128例(43.0%)为大囊性。27例患者(9.1%)在发病后的中位(IQR)时间为12.0(6.7-27.4)个月时完全自发消退。与完全自发消退率差异较大的因素包括大囊性结构、颈部位置、病灶分布和1级或de Serres I级分期。上脸或中脸的HNLMs,混合或微囊性组成,或广泛的单侧或双侧受累均未消退。结论和相关性:在这项队列研究中,大囊性、有限范围和/或颈部的hnlm更有可能完全自发消退。对于无症状的HNLM,特别是当存在有利特征时,应考虑1年的观察期,因为不干预可能是治愈的。未来的研究将检验这些因素之间的相互作用。这项工作有助于更深入地了解HNLM的自然历史,可以直接为临床决策提供信息,降低治疗风险,优化患者预后。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
5.10%
发文量
230
期刊介绍: JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery is a globally recognized and peer-reviewed medical journal dedicated to providing up-to-date information on diseases affecting the head and neck. It originated in 1925 as Archives of Otolaryngology and currently serves as the official publication for the American Head and Neck Society. As part of the prestigious JAMA Network, a collection of reputable general medical and specialty publications, it ensures the highest standards of research and expertise. Physicians and scientists worldwide rely on JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery for invaluable insights in this specialized field.
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