Exploring a Role for the Arabidopsis TIR-X Gene (TIRP) in the Defense Against Pathogenic Fungi or Insect Herbivory Attack.

IF 5.6 2区 生物学
Shraddha Neufeld, Michael Reichelt, Sandra S Scholz, Przemysław Wojtaszek, Axel Mithöfer
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Plants are challenged regularly with multiple types of biotic stress factors, such as pathogens or insect herbivores, in their environment. To detect and defend against pathogens, plants have evolved an innate immune system in which intracellular receptors in the so-called effector-triggered immunity play a vital role. In Arabidopsis thaliana the Toll/interleukin-1 receptors (TIRs) domain is related to intracellular immunity receptors, for example in TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) proteins. Among the TIR domain carrying proteins, very little is known about the function of the TIR-X proteins. Here, we focus on the recently described TIR-X (TIRP; At5g44900) to analyze its role in phytohormone-mediated plant defense through gene expression and phytohormone quantification. Therefore, we employed two fungal pathogens, the necrotrophic Alternaria brassicicola and the hemibiotrophic Verticillium dahliae, to infect A. thaliana WT (Col-0), TIRP knock-out, and TIRP overexpressing lines for comparative analyses. Furthermore, we included the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and a treatment with S. littoralis egg extract on the plants to analyze any role of TIRP during these attacks. We found that both A. brassicicola and V. dahliae infections increased TIRP gene expression systemically. The salicylic acid content was higher in the TIRP overexpressing line, corresponding to a better S. littoralis larval growth performance in feeding assays. However, since we never observed clear infection-related differences in jasmonate or salicylic acid levels between the wild type and the two transgenic Arabidopsis lines, our results rule out the possibility that TIRP acts via the regulation of phytohormone synthesis and accumulation.

探讨拟南芥TIR-X基因(TIRP)在抵御病原菌或昆虫食草性攻击中的作用。
植物经常受到多种生物应激因素的挑战,如病原体或昆虫食草动物,在它们的环境中。为了检测和防御病原体,植物进化出了先天免疫系统,其中细胞内受体在所谓的效应触发免疫中起着至关重要的作用。在拟南芥中,Toll/白细胞介素-1受体(TIRs)结构域与细胞内免疫受体相关,例如在TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL)蛋白中。在携带TIR结构域的蛋白中,人们对TIR- x蛋白的功能知之甚少。在这里,我们关注最近描述的TIR-X (TIRP;At5g44900),通过基因表达和植物激素定量分析其在植物激素介导的植物防御中的作用。因此,我们采用两种真菌病原体,即坏死性油菜交替菌和半生物营养性大丽花黄萎病菌,感染拟南芥WT (Col-0)、TIRP敲除株和TIRP过表达株进行比较分析。此外,我们还纳入了食草食昆虫——滨夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)和滨夜蛾卵提取物对植物的处理,以分析TIRP在这些攻击中的作用。我们发现,感染甘蓝芽孢杆菌和大丽花芽孢杆菌均能增加TIRP基因的表达。在饲养试验中,TIRP过表达系水杨酸含量较高,对应的是较好的滨海海棠幼虫生长性能。然而,由于我们从未观察到野生型和两个转基因拟南芥系之间茉莉酸或水杨酸水平与感染相关的明显差异,我们的结果排除了TIRP通过调节植物激素合成和积累起作用的可能性。
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来源期刊
自引率
10.70%
发文量
13472
审稿时长
1.7 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) provides an advanced forum for chemistry, molecular physics (chemical physics and physical chemistry) and molecular biology. It publishes research articles, reviews, communications and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their theoretical and experimental results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers or the number of electronics supplementary files. For articles with computational results, the full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material (including animated pictures, videos, interactive Excel sheets, software executables and others).
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