{"title":"Streptococcal infection and its antimicrobial resistance profile associated with bovine mastitis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Melkie Dagnaw Fenta, Melaku Getahun Feleke, Atsede Solomon Mebratu, Bemrew Admassu Mengistu, Yitayew Demessie","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1503904","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Ethiopia, bovine mastitis is a major problem affecting production, welfare, and public health. <i>Streptococcus</i> is a key pathogen that causes mastitis and is often treated with antimicrobials, which can lead to antimicrobial resistance. Nevertheless, the administration of antimicrobials can unintentionally facilitate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review and estimate the pooled prevalence of streptococcal infection in bovine mastitis in Ethiopia, along with associated antimicrobial resistance profiles, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current situation and guide effective treatment this bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. To estimate the pooled proportion and resistance, a random effects model was utilized with R software. The databases used included SCOPUS, PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, Google, and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five articles were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of mastitis associated with <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. was 20% (95% CI: 17-23%). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the studies included (<i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 87%; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Among the regions, the highest proportion was reported for South Nation, Nationality of Peoples Region (SNNPR) at 26%, followed by Amhara (24%), Oromia and Addis Abeba (19%), and Tigray (15%). The highest proportion of <i>Streptococcus</i> isolates was found in patients with clinical mastitis (24%). Among the major <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., <i>Str. agalactiae</i> had the highest pooled prevalence at 13%. The greatest prevalence of resistant <i>Streptococcus</i> was observed against penicillin (52%), followed by streptomycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin (42, 38, and 35%, respectively). According to the information provided by this meta-analysis, evidence-based risk management measures should be established to prevent and control streptococcal infection in dairy cattle. Monitoring and reporting of streptococcal mastitis and antimicrobial resistance are needed in Ethiopia's different regions. To minimize resistance, stricter guidelines should be implemented for antimicrobial use in dairy cattle, with a particular focus on reducing penicillin use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1503904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938844/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1503904","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, bovine mastitis is a major problem affecting production, welfare, and public health. Streptococcus is a key pathogen that causes mastitis and is often treated with antimicrobials, which can lead to antimicrobial resistance. Nevertheless, the administration of antimicrobials can unintentionally facilitate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review and estimate the pooled prevalence of streptococcal infection in bovine mastitis in Ethiopia, along with associated antimicrobial resistance profiles, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current situation and guide effective treatment this bacteria.
Methods: This systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. To estimate the pooled proportion and resistance, a random effects model was utilized with R software. The databases used included SCOPUS, PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, Google, and Google Scholar.
Results: Twenty-five articles were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of mastitis associated with Streptococcus spp. was 20% (95% CI: 17-23%). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the studies included (I2 = 87%; p < 0.01). Among the regions, the highest proportion was reported for South Nation, Nationality of Peoples Region (SNNPR) at 26%, followed by Amhara (24%), Oromia and Addis Abeba (19%), and Tigray (15%). The highest proportion of Streptococcus isolates was found in patients with clinical mastitis (24%). Among the major Streptococcus spp., Str. agalactiae had the highest pooled prevalence at 13%. The greatest prevalence of resistant Streptococcus was observed against penicillin (52%), followed by streptomycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin (42, 38, and 35%, respectively). According to the information provided by this meta-analysis, evidence-based risk management measures should be established to prevent and control streptococcal infection in dairy cattle. Monitoring and reporting of streptococcal mastitis and antimicrobial resistance are needed in Ethiopia's different regions. To minimize resistance, stricter guidelines should be implemented for antimicrobial use in dairy cattle, with a particular focus on reducing penicillin use.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Veterinary Science is a global, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that bridges animal and human health, brings a comparative approach to medical and surgical challenges, and advances innovative biotechnology and therapy.
Veterinary research today is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and socially relevant, transforming how we understand and investigate animal health and disease. Fundamental research in emerging infectious diseases, predictive genomics, stem cell therapy, and translational modelling is grounded within the integrative social context of public and environmental health, wildlife conservation, novel biomarkers, societal well-being, and cutting-edge clinical practice and specialization. Frontiers in Veterinary Science brings a 21st-century approach—networked, collaborative, and Open Access—to communicate this progress and innovation to both the specialist and to the wider audience of readers in the field.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science publishes articles on outstanding discoveries across a wide spectrum of translational, foundational, and clinical research. The journal''s mission is to bring all relevant veterinary sciences together on a single platform with the goal of improving animal and human health.
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