Non-ocular biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy by non-invasive methods.

IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Frontiers in Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fendo.2025.1496851
Huaixue Gou, Juping Liu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the predominant vision-threatening complication in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Timely diagnosis and intervention facilitate the prevention of diabetes-associated visual impairment. Classical imaging methods may prevent the timely detection of DR due to shortages of specialized facilities and retinal specialists, particularly in remote areas. In recent years, research on biomarkers related to DR has rapidly developed, playing an important role in risk assessment and early detection of the disease. Some ocular biomarkers from the vitreous body or aqueous humor were invasive, which hampered their application in clinical practice. Meanwhile, biomarkers based on omics were limited by their uneasily accessible use and complicated variables with a relatively low degree of reproducibility. As modern technology progresses, advanced non-ocular biomarkers of DR have established a comprehensive platform for the prompt identification of DR, independent of ophthalmic professionals or devices and accessible to non-ophthalmologists during community screenings. This review focuses on biomarkers derived from non-ocular sample sources, such as nailfold and skin, accessible through non-invasive methods, to reveal if they can be considered as an effective option for the early identification of DR by non-ophthalmologists in community screening initiatives.

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来源期刊
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Frontiers in Endocrinology Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
9.60%
发文量
3023
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Endocrinology is a field journal of the "Frontiers in" journal series. In today’s world, endocrinology is becoming increasingly important as it underlies many of the challenges societies face - from obesity and diabetes to reproduction, population control and aging. Endocrinology covers a broad field from basic molecular and cellular communication through to clinical care and some of the most crucial public health issues. The journal, thus, welcomes outstanding contributions in any domain of endocrinology. Frontiers in Endocrinology publishes articles on the most outstanding discoveries across a wide research spectrum of Endocrinology. The mission of Frontiers in Endocrinology is to bring all relevant Endocrinology areas together on a single platform.
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